脉冲序列控制双断续导电模式BIFRED变换器的动力学建模与多周期行为

根据BIFRED变换器四种不同的工作模式, 建立了脉冲序列(PT)控制双断续导电模式(DCM-DCM) BIFRED变换器的分段光滑线性时变模型, 数值仿真得到了负载不同时的时域波形和相轨图. 通过分析在一个开关周期内输出电容的电荷变化量, 导出了PT控制DCM-DCM BIFRED变换器的一维近似离散映射模型, 研究了随负载电阻和输入电压变化的多周期行为, 并进行了稳定性分析和负载取阻范围估算. 研究发现, 一维近似离散映射模型刻画的动力学行为与分段光滑线性时变模型描述的完全一致, 均较好地揭示了PT控制DCM-DCM BIFRED变换器所存在的复杂多周期行为. PSIM电路仿真和物理电路实验测量获得了与理论分析结果所一致的波形, 有效验证了两种动力学模型的正确性.     

基于电磁超声换能器的火车轮探伤研究

利用电磁超声探伤方法对检测火车轮表面及近表面缺陷进行实验探究,从而保证车轮质量,避免事故发生。文章介绍了火车车轮电磁超声探伤的原理和方法。根据电磁超声表面波辐射扩散角的分布情况,得出利用电磁超声表面波进行车轮踏面探伤的可行性。将制作的小巧换能器探头与便携式电磁超声探伤仪配合,能够实现对车轮的快速探伤检测。通过大量的车轮探伤实验,检出了典型车轮踏面缺陷。根据检测波形特点并结合生产工艺情况,分析得出产生缺陷的原因。研究表明:电磁超声无损检测方法能够快速、有效检出车轮踏面缺陷。     

Relaxation frequencies for flip-flop rotation of three- and four-ring compounds and dual frequency addressing mixtures with high birefringence

Relaxation frequencies f_r characterising the molecular rotation around the short axes (flip-flop movement) of 45 three- and four-ring polar compounds with high birefringence (mainly cyclohexyl, phenyl and biphenyl tolanes and quaterphenyls terminated with F, OCF₃, NCS group) have been measured. These compounds exhibit a large positive dielectric anisotropy Δε = ε_║ ? ε_⊥ in the nematic phase and relatively low f_r values (in the range of dozens kHz). The dependence of f_r upon molecular structures and physical properties of systems (molecular rigid core length, polarity and viscosity) is discussed. Mixtures for dual frequencies addressing display with the crossover frequency f_co of the order of ~1 kHz have been prepared by joining the above compounds with a mixture consisted of two, three and four fluoro-substituted in the lateral position tolanes and phenyltolanes showing negative dielectric anisotropy. It was stated that relaxation frequency is correlated mainly with their length and polarity.     

环境风对高速列车气动噪声特性的影响分析

气动噪声随着列车运行速度的提高急剧增加,是高速列车噪声的重要组成部分。本文使用缩比为1:20的三车编组模型,通过三维瞬态延迟分离涡模型求解高速列车的外流场,分析了环境风对流场结构与声源特性的影响;之后使用FW-H方程进行噪声传播计算,分析了不同速度的环境风对高速列车气动声学行为特性的影响。结果表明：高速列车主要的噪声源分布在转向架附近,在环境风的影响下,列车背风侧声源强度高于迎风侧,列车底部声源强度增幅较大。10 m/s以内的环境风会改变高速列车在尾流区域的声学指向性,并使气动噪声增加2.1~8.7 dB。相关结论可以为高速列车气动声学设计等研究提供参考。     

NEGRETTI采样头切割原理的动力学分析

根据两相流体动力学理论对Negretti采样头中颗粒物的运动规律进行了分析,计算了PM10和 PM2．5采样时颗粒物的运动轨迹,通过计算讨论了气流流量、颗粒物粒径等不同情况下各种因素对颗粒物运动轨迹的影响．结果表明两相流动力学是对采样切割器中颗粒物的运动进行数值模拟的有效工具,能对采样头的设计、制造提供有力的帮助．     

Laser nanofabrication in photoresists and azopolymers

Recent progress in the field of single‐ and two‐photon nanofabrication, both 2‐ and 3‐dimensional, in photopolymerizable resins and in films of photoisomerizable azopolymers are reviewed. The basic processes as well as technological advances and applications of nanofabrication by light are discussed. Recent advances and achievements in polymer photomechanics and light‐activated molecular movement in azopolymers are also reviewed.     

化学学历案促进深度学习的发生——化学平衡移动复习课

学历案是关于学习经历或过程的方案，利用学历案构建一个“以学为主、以教促学”的教学模式，改变了教师的主导地位，凸显了学生的主体地位。笔者尝试借助学历案，以花青素为载体，通过生活化的化学实验，将化学平衡常数K作为分析工具，进行证据推理，以外界条件使花青素溶液颜色变化，到花青素的工业合成为明线；以化学平衡移动的本质到化学平衡移动原理的应用为暗线，双线结合，学生自主建构“化学平衡移动”的认知模型，从而促进深度学习的发生。     

Investigation on the cavitation bubble collapse and the movement characteristics near spherical particles based on Weiss theorem

In this paper, the cavitation bubble dynamics near two spherical particles of the same size are investigated theoretically and experimentally. According to the Weiss theorem, the flow characteristics and the Kelvin impulse are obtained and supported by the sufficient experimental data. In terms of the initial bubble position, the bubble size and the distance between the two particles, the collapse morphology and the movement characteristics of the bubble are revealed in detail. The main findings include: (1) Based on a large number of experimental results, it is found that the Kelvin impulse theoretical model established in this paper can effectively predict the movement characteristics of the cavitation bubble near two particles of the same size. (2) When the initial bubble position is gradually away from the particles along the horizontal symmetry axis near two particles of the same size, the movement distance of the bubble centroid in the first period increases first and then decreases. (3) When the initial position of the bubble centroid is at the asymmetric position near the two particles, the movement direction of the bubble centroid is biased towards the particle closer to the bubble, but not towards the center of this particle.     

Exploring affordances and limitations of between-group movement in elementary mathematics classrooms

In this exploratory study, we examine how between-group movement, as an autonomy-promoting practice, might incentivize or disincentivize sixth-grade students’ engagement in two mathematical practices: (1) making sense of problems and persevering in solving them; and (2) constructing viable arguments and critiquing the reasoning of others. Between-group movement refers to a pedagogical strategy wherein teachers allow groups to physically move within the classroom while problem-solving to discuss strategies, ask for help, or check their work with other groups. Exploring both the affordances and limitations of between-group movement, we found that between-group movement supported groups to construct viable justifications, among other sense-making mathematical practices. However, we also found that some groups over-scaffolded during between-group conversations which disincentivized meaningful engagement in mathematical practices. Furthermore, between-group movement revealed some equity concerns in relation to status-based privileges. The findings imply that between-group movement can be a constructive pedagogical practice under specific conditions.