Stability Analysis for Car Following Model Based on Control Theory

Stability analysis is one of the key issues in car-following theory. The stability analysis with Lyapunov function for the two velocity difference car-following model （for short, TVDM） is conducted and the control method to suppress traffic congestion is introduced. Numerical simulations are given and results are consistent with the theoretical analysis.     

基于改进声线跟踪法的室内交通噪声动态模拟

对碰撞点的有效性判断是传统声线跟踪法的一个重要步骤,在计算复杂的室内空间问题时计算量较大,为解决这一问题采用了一种与空间剖分相结合的改进的声线跟踪法。将该方法与微观交通流仿真和车辆噪声排放模型进行结合,实现了道路交通噪声透过窗户在多连通室内空间传播的动态模拟。最后采用该方法对相同道路和交通流条件下不同建筑朝向的4种布局室内噪声进行动态模拟。分析了室内交通噪声的大小和分布与建筑物布局、窗户的朝向、窗户的形式和面积等因数之间的关系。结果表明:窗户正对道路的房间比窗户侧对道路的房间噪声高4～6 d B(A),房间内等效声级与窗户面积的对数成正比关系。     

由路段交通量推算OD矩阵的一种有效方法及其应用

针对现有OD矩阵估计方法的不足，本讨论了一种新的有效的估计方法，它包括一个路段流量的预处理过程，以消除路段观测流量的不相容，然后经过流量加载和卸载两个逆过程，进行反复迭代，最终得到再现路段交通量的OD矩阵，中例证了该方法的有效性。     

考虑拥堵路况下碳排放的选址-配送集成优化问题

供应链网络的运输过程是碳排放的主要来源之一,道路拥堵、配送距离和车辆载重等因素会影响碳排放量,本文研究考虑拥堵路况下碳排放的选址-配送集成优化问题。根据车辆行驶状态定义道路拥堵情况,以不同时段下拥堵概率和预期拥堵距离作为路况决定因素,构建碳排放量和经济成本都最小的两目标模型。设计改进的非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-II)求解模型获得Pareto解集。以环境问题较重的北京和天津为中心构建供应链网络作为算例,验证了模型和算法的有效性和可行性。实验结果给出了不同偏好下供应链网络的构建方案,并对不同时段下决定路况的拥堵概率和预期拥堵距离以及车辆载重进行灵敏度分析。实验结果表明,相对于高速公路,城市道路不同时段对碳排放量影响更敏感。     

Analyses of Lattice Traffic Flow Model on a Gradient Highway

The optimal current difference lattice hydrodynamic model is extended to investigate the traffic flow dynamics on a unidirectional single lane gradient highway. The effect of slope on uphill/downhill highway is examined through linear stability analysis and shown that the slope significantly affects the stability region on the phase diagram.Using nonlinear stability analysis, the Burgers, Korteweg-deVries(KdV) and modified Korteweg-deVries(mKdV) equations are derived in stable, metastable and unstable region, respectively. The effect of reaction coefficient is examined and concluded that it plays an important role in suppressing the traffic jams on a gradient highway. The theoretical findings have been verified through numerical simulation which confirm that the slope on a gradient highway significantly influence the traffic dynamics and traffic jam can be suppressed efficiently by considering the optimal current difference effect in the new lattice model.     

因果分析图和AHP法在翻车事故成因分析中的应用

交通事故发生原因错综复杂,是多因素相互作用的结果,很难用一个数学模型来精确描述。交通事故成因分析,探寻交通事故发生规律,为公安交管部门制订预防对策,构筑事故预防体系提供理论依据。因果分析图方法分析交通事故的原因,具有直观、逻辑性强、因果关系明确等特点,能详尽分析事故发生的原因。层次分析法(AHP)能够将量化困难的复杂的定性问题在严格的数学运算上量化。将因果分析图和AHP法2种方法相结合,并应用于翻车事故的成因分析,找出交通事故发生原因的主要影响因素,为交通事故预防和处理提供科学依据。     

基于STAMP的航空管制空中危险目标识别方法研究

为了保证航空管制中航空器的完整性,提高航空器的使用寿命,并且可以最大限度的保障航空乘客和其他航空人员的人身安全,需要对航空管制空中危险目标进行识别。但采用当前目标识别方法对空中危险目标识别时,识别系统对空中危险目标无法稳定识别,存在空中危险目标识别精度低的问题。为此,提出一种基于STAMP的航空管制空中危险目标识别方法。该方法先利用STAMP模型对航空管制空中危险目标识别系统各组成部分进行任务分配,然后采用Harris法对空中危险目标进行特征选择和提取,依据Mean-Shift法的Bhattacharyya系数,描述候选空中危险目标和空中目标的危险概率分布相似度,随着Bhattacharyya系数的不断增加,候选空中危险目标和空中危险目标的相似度越大,使危险目标跟踪系统朝着空中目标危险密度增大的位置移动,在最优位置收敛,从而实现空中危险目标跟踪,最后利用D-S理论对跟踪结果进行识别,通过引入空中目标危险性基本概率赋值函数获得空中目标危险基本概率,采用Dempster组合规则对空中目标危险证据进行合成,依据空中危险目标证据融合结果完成对航空管制空中危险目标的识别。实验仿真证明,所提方法增强了航空管制空中危险目标识别的效果,提高了航空管制空中危险目标识别的精度。     

An extension of Tanner's results on uncontrolled intersections

A delay formula is developed for the problem, analyzed by Tanner in 1962, where two streams of traffic have conflicting demands at an intersection. The situation is such that the major stream has absolute priority and the minor stream vehicles can only enter the intersection when sufficiently large gaps appear in the major stream. This paper extends Tanner's work by considering a generalised stochastic structure on the arrival streams. The paper also links Tanner's work to other papers of this author where the utilitarian value of this generalised model has been established in a wide range of traffic problems.     

On the Analysis of the Virtual Waiting Time in Open Queueing Networks

The model of an open queueing network in heavy traffic has been developed. These models are mathematical models of computer networks in heavy traffic. A limit theorem has been presented for the virtual waiting time of a customer in heavy traffic in open queueing networks. Finally, we present an application of the theorem—a reliability model from computer network practice.     

Routing and wavelength assignment algorithms for multiclass WDM optical networks

In this paper dynamic routing and wavelength assignment strategies have been proposed for multiclass WDM optical networks. Multiclass optical networks provide multiple classes of services to the subscriber according to the requirement, which in turn increase operational profitability. Each class of service could be characterized by parameters like number of wavelengths, expected call holding time and average arrival rate of request. The proposed strategies have been analyzed and compared with existing strategies on the basis of blocking probabilities for multiclass traffic scenarios. Simulation results on different network topologies demonstrate that the performance of proposed strategies “Fixed shortest/alternate shortest path routing with wavelength reservation (FSASWR)” and “Fixed alternate shortest path routing with least priority wavelength assignment (FASPL)” are much better as compared to existing strategies. Proposed strategies minimize blocking probability of the multiclass network using limited number of wavelengths.