Experimental Evaluation of Undersampling Schemes for Electron Tomography of Nanoparticles

One of the emerging challenges in the field of 3D characterization of nanoparticles by electron tomography is to avoid degradation and deformation of the samples during the acquisition of a tilt series. In order to reduce the required electron dose, various undersampling approaches have been proposed. These methods include lowering the number of 2D projection images, reducing the probe current during the acquisition, and scanning a smaller number of pixels in the 2D images. A comparison is made between these approaches based on tilt series acquired for a gold nanoparticle.     

Beyond direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) modelling of collision environments

ABSTRACT

Direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) models have been successfully adopted and adapted to describe gas flows in a wide range of environments since the method was first introduced by Bird in the 1960s. We propose a new approach to modelling collisions between gas-phase particles in this work – operating in a similar way to the DSMC model, but with one key difference. Particles move in a mean field, generated by all previously propagated particles, which removes the requirement that all particles be propagated simultaneously. This yields a significant reduction in computation effort and lends itself to applications for which DSMC becomes intractable, such as when a species of interest is only a minor component of a large gas mixture.     

A testbench for the nested dipole hypothesis of Kosterlitz and Thouless

We consider the two-dimensional one-component plasma without a background and confined to a half-plane near a metal wall. The particles are also subjected to an external potential acting perpendicular to the wall with an inverse-power-law Boltzmann factor. The model has a known solvable isotherm which exhibits a Kosterlitz-Thouless-type transition from a conductive to an insulator phase as the power law is varied. This allows predictions of theoretical methods of analyzing the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition to be compared with the exact solution. In particular, we calculate the asymptotic density profile by resumming its low-fugacity expansion near the zero-density critical coupling in the insulator phase, and solving a mean-field equation deduced from the first BGY equation. Agreement with the exact solution is obtained. As the former calculation makes essential use of the nested dipole hypothesis of Kosterlitz and Thouless, the validity of this hypothesis is explicitly verified.     

使用压缩感知的遥感图像振荡畸变几何校正方法

卫星平台振动和反射镜震颤会引起遥感图像中的振荡畸变。这类畸变难以通过常用的几何校正方法消除。对此,提出了一种使用压缩感知的几何校正方法。该方法基于有理函数模型(RFM)进行几何校正。在校正过程中,利用初始的RFM计算出地面控制点(GCPs)在图像中的投影坐标与实际成像坐标之间的偏差(称为投影偏差),以地面控制点处的投影偏差作为采样值,使用压缩感知技术重构出所有像元处的投影偏差,并据此对RFM进行像方补偿;利用经过补偿的RFM进行遥感图像纠正。通过补偿,消除了振荡畸变引起的RFM模型误差,进而提高校正性能。利用实测数据验证了该方法的有效性,并通过仿真数据分析了地标点的数量与分布对该几何校正方法性能的影响。     

Development of high-definition muon telescopes and muography of the Great Pyramid

Several muon telescopes have been developed in the last years at CEA-Saclay. Benefitting from 15 years of R&D on Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGDs) and from several recent innovations, these telescopes yield unprecedented resolution for real-time instruments, and allow for high-definition muography imaging. As a first application, three of them were deployed around Khufu's Pyramid from 2015 to 2017, showing very good performance and stability in harsh conditions. They also provided the first-ever detection of internal structures of a pyramid from the outside, and participated in the discovery of a large void above the Grand Gallery.     

用于扩展目标自适应光学校正的相关波前传感器的理论和实验

研究了使用非相干、扩展光源的波前误差测量技术，分析了使用强度透过串型像面掩模的扩展目标相关波前探测原理，讨论了模拟目标的选择问题，探讨了根据目标图像生成像面掩模图像、进而制作像面掩模的方法，给出了所生成的像面掩模图像的典型结果，进行了以强度透过率型掩模为特征的单子孔径扩展目标波前传感器原理实验，比较了两种不同掩模的波前探测效果，获得了与理论分析一致的实验结果。     

100～500 GPa 4.2Ni2.45Fe0.35CoW合金的冲击压缩性和物态方程

 用二级轻气炮驱动飞片技术及对称碰撞技术，测量了两相合金4.2Ni2.45Fe0.35CoW（以下简称93W）的雨贡纽线。其压力范围为100~500 GPa。实测的冲击波速度D和粒子速度u可用直线关系式D=4.008+1.277u (km/s)描述。实验结果与用混合物雨贡纽线叠加原理的计算结果符合甚好。文中还给出了由实验数据计算得到的物态方程数据。     

导体及其周围电离气体电磁俘获的数值模拟

 介绍了圆柱导体周围稠密大气部分电离时导体对入射电磁场的散射特性的计算结果。采用了三维时域有限差分方法联合求解Maxwell方程组和空气离子方程组。结果表明,导体周围气体电离等离子体层的存在严重影响电磁场的散射特性,即电子等离子体与导体形成了谐振结构,在谐振频率上俘获了电磁场能量。     

n-Hg_(0.80)Mg_(0.20)Te界面积累层中二维电子气的输运特性研究

通过变磁场霍耳测量研究了MBE生长的Hg0 .80 Mg0 .2 0 Te薄膜在 1 5— 2 5 0K温度范围内的输运特性 .采用迁移率谱 (MS)和多载流子拟合过程 (MCF)相结合的方法对实验数据进行了分析 ,由该方法获得的结果和ShubnikovdeHass(SdH)振荡测量的结果都证明材料中存在二维 (2D)电子和三维 (3D)电子 .其中 2D电子主要来自于Hg1-xMgxTe CdTe的界面积累层或Hg1-xMgxTe与真空界面附近的积累层 .3D电子迁移率随温度的变化关系表明了Hg1-xMgxTe中的电子散射机理与Hg1-xCdxTe中的非常相似 :在低温下电离杂质散射 (考虑了屏蔽效应 )起主导地位 ,而温度在 10 0K以上时 ,晶格散射占主导地位 .     

利用调谐滤波技术的光纤光栅复用传感器

采用光纤光栅悬臂梁线性调谐技术 ,提出了利用调谐滤波技术对光纤光栅复用传感信号进行检测的方案 ,在分析其基本工作原理的基础上 ,实验研究了其波分复用传感特性 ,传感测量的结果与光谱分析仪直接测量的结果基本一致。传感器的波长分辨率主要取决于系统的最小可探测光功率 ,由于采用了高灵敏度的光电测量系统 ,传感测量的波长分辨率可达 0 .0 0 5nm ,应变分辨率可达 5.7× 10 - 6 。