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61.
反式氢化茚酮是全合成甾体的合成子。本文综述了五种合成方法:即分子内 Diels-Alder 反应,分子内 Michael 反应;联合 Cope-Claisen 重排;Lewis 酸催化环合γ,δ-不饱和羰基化合物以及二环庚烷的裂解。 相似文献
62.
63.
Summary In the present study the effects of addition of iron on the catalytic activity and Si tolerability of Pt/g-Al2O3in the total oxidation of volatile organic compounds were investigated. Preliminary results showed that there is a noticeable
improvement effect on Si-tolerance of catalyst, particularly for short term poison exposure. Bulk analysis of deposited silicon
on the catalyst surface indicated that both Pt/g-Al2O3and iron-doped pellets had roughly the same silicone uptakes. Deactivation of catalyst was reversible and much faster for
iron doped sample. The promoting effects of iron were related to its electronegativity and, to blocking of fewer Pt sites
when iron is present at the surface of the catalyst. 相似文献
64.
65.
A kinetic method for the determination of selenium(IV) traces is proposed, based on its inhibitory action on the oxidation of Nile Blue A by hydrogen peroxide in phosphate buffer (pH 10.5). A linear dependence was established between the rate of the proposed indicator reaction and selenium concentration in the range 9.5 × 10–2-1.58 ng cm–3. The experimental conditions of maximal selenium effect were established. Selenium, determined by the tangent method, was determined at concentrations over the range 0.22–1.26 ng cm–3, with relative standard deviations up to 4.5%. The reaction rate was followed spectrophotometrically. The effect of foreign ions on the accuracy of this method was also investigated. The method was applied to the determination of selenium in pharmaceutical preparations and wheat flour. 相似文献
66.
Marimganti S Yasmeen S Fischer D Maier ME 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2005,11(22):6687-6700
The synthesis of the omega-amino acid 4 is described utilizing a two-dimensional synthesis strategy combined with an enzymatic differentiation of homotopic ester groups. The amino acid 4 features two non-bonded interactions that result in conformational constraints on a cyclic construct. This amino acid was incorporated into the four macrolactams 17, 22, 31, and 37. The ring in 17 and 22 is 18-membered, whereas 31 and 37 have a 19-membered ring. The pairs with the same ring size differ in a N-methyl group. For the larger macrolactams (31 and 37) conformational analysis showed that the macrocyclic rings are somewhat more rigid than in the natural lead, the depsipeptide jasplakinolide. Nevertheless, their conformations are comparable to the natural product. There are no intramolecular hydrogen bonds, neither is the cis-rotamer populated in the N-methyl compound 37. Due to the increased flexibility of the smaller macrolactams 17 and 22 and signal overlap, a distinct solution structure could not be obtained for these compounds. The amino acid 4 should be useful for restricting the conformation of other small peptides. 相似文献
67.
Joannie Chin Amanda Forster Lipiin Sung Kirk Rice 《Polymer Degradation and Stability》2007,92(7):1234-1246
In recent years, poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fibers have become prominent in high strength applications such as body armor, ropes and cables, and recreational equipment. The objectives of this study were to expose woven PBO body armor panels to elevated temperature and moisture, and to analyze the chemical, morphological and mechanical changes in PBO yarns extracted from the panels. A 30% decrease in yarn tensile strength, which was correlated to changes in the infrared peak absorbance of key functional groups in the PBO structure, was observed during the 26 week elevated temperature/elevated moisture aging period. Substantial changes in chemical structure were observed via infrared spectroscopy, as well as changes in polymer morphology using microscopy and neutron scattering. When the panels were removed to an ultra-dry environment for storage for 47 weeks, no further decreases in tensile strength degradation were observed. In a follow-on study, fibers were sealed in argon-filled glass tubes and exposed to elevated temperature; less than a 4% decrease in tensile strength was observed after 30 weeks, demonstrating that moisture is a key factor in the degradation of these fibers. 相似文献
68.
O. I. Dyubchenko V. V. Nikulina E. I. Terakh A. E. Prosenko I. A. Grigor’ev 《Russian Chemical Bulletin》2007,56(6):1149-1155
The reaction of ω-(4-hydroxyaryl)haloalkanes with various nitrogen-containing agents afforded primary, secondary, and tertiary
amino derivatives of 2,6-dialkylphenols. For the compounds synthesized, the reaction rate constants with peroxide radicals
were measured for cumene and methyl oleate oxidation. The total inhibitory activity in the model reactions of thermal autooxidation
of lard and hexadecane was studied. The rate constants of alkyl(hydroxylaryl)amines are the same as those of the corresponding
alkylphenols, whereas the total inhibitory activity of some alkyl(hydroxylaryl)amines exceeds substantially that for alkylphenols.
Dedicated to the memory of Academician N. N. Vorozhtsov on the 100th anniversary of his birth.
Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1107–1112, June, 2007. 相似文献
69.
P. Staszczuk J. C. Bazan M. Błachnio D. Sternik N. J. Garcia 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2006,86(1):57-68
This paper presents possible applications of thermal analysis, sorptometry
and porosimetry to study physico-chemical properties of Na- and La-montmorillonite
samples, especially for determination of total surface heterogeneity. The
quasi-isothermal thermogravimetric (Q-TG) mass loss and its first derivative
(Q-DTG) curves with respect to temperature and time obtained during programmed
liquid thermodesorption under quasi-isothermal conditions have been used to
study adsorbed layers and heterogeneous properties of the Na- and La-montmorillonites.
Calculations of the desorption energy distribution functions by analytical
procedure using mass loss Q-TG and differential mass loss Q-DTG curves of
thermodesorption under quasi-isothermal conditions of polar and non-polar
liquid vapours preadsorbed on a material surface are presented. Parameters
relating to porosity of samples were determined by sorptometry, mercury porosimetry
and atomic force microscopy (AFM). From nitrogen sorption isotherms from sorptometry
and porosimetry methods, the fractal dimensions of montmorillonites have been
calculated. Moreover, a new approach is proposed to calculate fractal dimensions
of materials obtained from Q-TG curve; this is compared with values obtained
by the above methods. The total heterogeneous properties (energy distribution
function and pore-size distribution functions) of samples studied were estimated.
The radius and pore volume of the tested samples calculated on the basis of
thermogravimetry, sorptometry and porosimetry techniques were compared and
good correlations obtained. 相似文献
70.
In this study, the cooling effect was applied to an evanescent wave type infrared (IR) chemical sensing method to effectively trap volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which have been absorbed in the hydrophobic film coated around the internal reflection element (IRE). The detection of VOCs in aqueous solutions was taken in the headspace of the aqueous solution. This method eliminates the long-term instability of hydrophobic film soaked in an aqueous solution and the potential spectral interference caused by the matrix of the aqueous solution. Thermal energy has been applied to the aqueous solution to assist in the evaporation of VOCs out of the aqueous matrix. By applying a cooling system to the IRE, the excess thermal energy can be removed leading to more stable IR signals. After examination of organic compounds with vapour pressure (Pv) ranging from 0.017 to 150 Torr, significant differences were found between IR signals from cooled and un-cooled systems. Because the thermal conductivity of the IRE used in IR detection is typically low; the efficiency in removing the thermal energy is limited. By heating the aqueous solutions to different temperatures, the IR signals showed that the sample temperature was limited to around 80 °C. The IR signal determination results for five different volatility organic compounds indicated that the optimal heating temperature was not necessary to match with the volatilities of organic compounds in cooling system. The linear regression coefficient (R2) of the standard curve for sample concentrations in the range 5-200 μg ml−1 was generally higher than 0.991 and the detection limit was around a few hundred ng ml−1, which was two to three times lower than that of un-cooled system. 相似文献