Ash and Slag Waste as a Secondary Raw Material

In the process of industrial corporation activities a lot of waste, which pollutes the atmosphere, is generated, for example ash and slag. In Tomsk region, by estimates, ash stores occupy about 600 hectares, which contain about 25 million tons by weight. In Russian thermal power-stations ash disposal areas there are about 1.3 billion tons of ash, and only 10% of it is used. That is why this problem is topical enough. In this paper the scheme of producing ash ceramic bricks and complex ash and slag waste processing is shown. Besides, profitability of the project is presented.     

非水溶剂热法制备(001)面暴露的F/TiO2纳米晶及其光催化活性

采用非水体系溶剂热法制备了(001)面暴露的锐钛矿相F/TiO2纳米光催化剂.结果表明,F的掺杂对TiO2纳米单晶的形成影响很大.一方面,F离子作为晶面导向剂稳定(001)晶面,形成(001)面暴露的锐钛矿相TiO2;另一方面,F离子也起到稳定剂作用,抑制纳米粒子的快速生长.以光催化降解甲基橙为模型反应比较了不同F/T...     

Sol-Gel Nanosized Semiconducting Titania-Based Powders for Thick-Film Gas Sensors

Pure, 5 at%, and 10 at% Ta- or Nb-doped TiO₂ nanosized powders were prepared by the sol-gel method. The powders heated to 400°C have the crystalline anatase structure. While the pure TiO₂ powder heated to 850°C has the rutile structure, the addition of Ta and Nb inhibited the anatase-to-rutile phase transformation at this temperature. Ta was soluble in the titania lattice up to the concentration of 10 at%, while the solubility of Nb was 5 at%. Thick films were fabricated with these powders by screen printing technology and then fired at 650°C and 850°C for 1 h. SEM observations showed that the anatase-to-rutile phase transformation induces a grain growth of about one order of magnitude for pure TiO₂. The addition of Ta and Nb is effective to keep the TiO₂ grain size at the nanometric level even at 850°C. Conductance measurements showed that a good gas response is observed only for the nanostructured titania-based films. The CO response of these materials is only slightly affected by humidity.     

焙烧处理下二氧化钛/钛酸盐纳米材料晶型和形貌的变化规律研究

通过调控酸碱浓度, 在水热条件下得到了金红石、锐钛矿、板钛矿、钛酸钠等一系列TiO₂/钛酸盐产物. 对上述TiO₂、酸洗处理后的钛酸盐等一系列不同晶型、不同形貌的样品进行焙烧处理, 系统性地研究焙烧温度的逐渐升高对产物晶型转变和形貌演化的规律性影响. 给出了水热酸碱浓度以及焙烧温度两个因素与TiO₂/钛酸盐纳米材料晶型和形貌变化行为关系的二维示意图. 依据奥斯特瓦尔德阶梯规则、经典热力学理论以及定向附着生长机理, 对TiO₂/钛酸产物的晶型晶体生长、晶型转变和形貌演化机理进行了探讨.     

二氧化钛溶胶凝胶的光致变色

通过钛酸丁酯在酸性醇溶液中的水解制备二氧化钛溶胶和凝胶。在中压汞灯的照射下,溶胶和凝胶由浅黄色变成蓝紫色。电子自旋共振谱(ESR)表明,变色的原因是由于…Ti－O－Ti－O…网络中Ti^4^+离子被还原成Ti^3^+离子。Ti^3^+离子又会被空气中的氧所氧化成Ti^4^+离子,个人成分吏家产凝胶由蓝紫色褪为浅黄色。和变色溶胶的吸收光谱不同,在变色凝胶的吸收光谱上出现了四个明显的吸收峰,这些吸收峰是由于处于一定结构中的Ti^3^+离子的3d轨道上电子的跃迁所引起。     

负载型纳米TiO2复合载体及其CoMo催化剂的酸性及孔特性的研究

总结了复载不同纳米尺度的复合载体及其CoMo催化剂的表面酸性及孔结构特性的表征结果。结果表明，负载型纳米TiO2与基载体γ-Al2O3存在着相互作用。当负载比较少量的纳米TiO2时，复合载体的总酸量随着TiO2含量的增加而增加，超过γ-Al2O3的酸量，但当 TiO2的含量比较高时复合载体的酸量又降低，纳米TiO2优先负载在γ-Al2O3的强酸中心位；负载了CoMo活性组分后酸量增加。不同粒径的纳米TiO2对复合载体和催化剂的酸分布没有明显影响，但对总酸量有影响。对不同尺度TiO2，随着TiO2负载量的增加以及负载金属活性组分的增加，表面积、孔容和最可几孔径均有不同程度的减少。     

粉末化学镀法制备的NiB／TiO2非晶态合金催化剂对环丁烯砜加氢反应的催化性能

 采用诱导沉积法及粉末化学镀法分别制备了纯态NiB及负载型NiB／TiO2非晶态合金催化剂．用XRD，ICP，SEM，TEM和DSC等手段对催化剂的物性及TiO2载体与NiB非晶态合金之间的相互作用进行了表征，考察了非晶态合金的结构、组成、形貌和热稳定性，并将其用于环丁烯砜加氢反应中．结果表明，相对于NiB而言，NiB／TiO2催化剂具有优良的热稳定性和催化活性，这缘于NiB和TiO2载体之间的相互作用及载体的分散作用．