应用闭环残余倾斜数据分析自适应光学系统精跟踪回路性能

在自适应光学系统中,目标跟踪误差主要由未完全补偿的大气湍流扰动和望远镜抖动引起的跟踪误差以及系统的倾斜噪声误差两部分组成。提出一种用闭环残余倾斜数据计算倾斜噪声误差、大气湍流扰动和望远镜抖动引起的跟踪误差以及系统跟踪残余误差的新方法,并用此方法分析61单元自适应光学系统中精跟踪回路的性能。     

CSNS-II超导椭球腔形变电场平坦度仿真分析

超导椭球腔是一种通过冲压零件和电子束焊接而成型的薄壁结构,在加工过程中存在不可避免的形变,如单元倾斜、偏轴,单元长度偏差,从而影响椭球腔的轴向电场平坦度,进而降低椭球腔的运行电场梯度。因此,在椭球腔加工成型后要进行预调谐处理。椭球腔预调谐是通过对椭球腔整形,包括倾斜和偏轴矫正,单元长度矫正,以达到提高轴向电场平坦度的目的。采用COMSOL多物理场耦合软件对CSNS-II（China Spallation Neutron Source Phase II）超导椭球腔可能存在的形变进行了仿真计算,研究了各单元形变量对电场平坦度的影响,分析了腔体调谐位移量对电场平坦度的影响,为椭球腔预调谐提供数据参考,也为预调谐机的设计研制提供指导。另外,确定了椭球腔机械形变的要求,确保椭球腔机械加工质量满足CSNS-II升级的实际工程需求。     

Multivariate Tail Probabilities: Predicting Regional Pertussis Cases in Washington State

In disease modeling, a key statistical problem is the estimation of lower and upper tail probabilities of health events from given data sets of small size and limited range. Assuming such constraints, we describe a computational framework for the systematic fusion of observations from multiple sources to compute tail probabilities that could not be obtained otherwise due to a lack of lower or upper tail data. The estimation of multivariate lower and upper tail probabilities from a given small reference data set that lacks complete information about such tail data is addressed in terms of pertussis case count data. Fusion of data from multiple sources in conjunction with the density ratio model is used to give probability estimates that are non-obtainable from the empirical distribution. Based on a density ratio model with variable tilts, we first present a univariate fit and, subsequently, improve it with a multivariate extension. In the multivariate analysis, we selected the best model in terms of the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Regional prediction, in Washington state, of the number of pertussis cases is approached by providing joint probabilities using fused data from several relatively small samples following the selected density ratio model. The model is validated by a graphical goodness-of-fit plot comparing the estimated reference distribution obtained from the fused data with that of the empirical distribution obtained from the reference sample only.     

An unmanned aerial vehicle identification and tracking system based on weakly supervised semantic segmentation technology

This paper presents an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) identification and tracking system aimed at monitoring UAVs based on weakly supervised semantic segmentation. A camera is equipped with a pan–tilt to collect images for semantic segmentation network in real time. The GrabCut+ algorithm and annotation boxes are employed to generate the UAV “pseudo pixel labels” for supervised model learning and reduce labelling costs. A new loss function combining the focus loss function and dice loss function is designed to balance positive and negative samples and improve the segmentation effect. The Mixup method is introduced for model training to prevent overfitting and enhance the generalization ability of the model. The semantic segmentation network outputs the prediction results by a fully connected conditional random field to smooth the target image. Furthermore, a region-based tracking method is proposed to solve the hysteresis problem of the pan–tilt control system and improve the system tracking performance. Finally, an experiment based on a dataset is carried out to prove the effectiveness of the segmentation algorithm with 66.3% mIoU. Considering that 10% of the central area of view is specified as the view centre, a UAV falling in the centre of the field accounts for more than 80% of this view area, demonstrating the real-time effectiveness of the designed UAV identification and tracking system.     

Anomalous strain effect in heteroepitaxial SrRuO3 films on (111) SrTiO3 substrates

We report comprehensive investigations into the structure of high-quality (111)-oriented SrRuO₃ films on SrTiO₃ substrates to elucidate the effect of (111) heteroepitaxial strain. We found that SrRuO₃ film with a thickness of ～ 40 nm is compressively strained in plane on the substrate with full coherency. Nevertheless, the out-of-plane spacing is almost the same as in the bulk, which is at odds with the conventional paradigm. By probing a series of half-order Bragg reflections using synchrotron-based x-ray diffraction combined with analyses of the scanning transmission electron microscopy images, we discovered that the heteroepitaxial strain is accommodated via significant suppression of the degree of c⁺ octahedral tilting and the formation of three equivalent domain structures on the (111) SrTiO₃ substrate. This anomalous effect sheds light on the understanding of an unconventional paradigm of film-substrate coupling for the (111) heteroepitaxial strain.     

动基座潜望式仪器瞄准线稳定时像倾斜的特性分析

潜望式仪器在动基座上实现瞄准线稳定时,会存在较明显的像倾斜。推导了动基座潜望式仪器瞄准线稳定时产生的像倾斜公式,分析了像倾斜的特性,得出了几点有意义的结论。提供了消除像倾斜的参数,为实现运动平台潜望式仪器图像稳定提供了一种途径。     

相位板装配倾斜对波前编码系统点扩散函数的影响

分析了装配误差引起的相位板倾斜对波前编码系统的影响,通过坐标变换推导了相应条件下的广义光瞳函数。结果表明:倾斜因子对系统的相位板系数具有放大效果,其随倾斜角绝对值的增大而增大,而与倾斜角的正负无关。相位板倾斜会放大系统点扩散函数包络面的两条直角边,相应地降低其光学传递函数值。在子午倾斜的条件下,子午方向的相位板系数放大效果大于弧矢方向,从而导致点扩散函数包络面在子午方向的放大效果大于弧矢方向,子午方向光学传递函数值的降低效果大于弧矢方向。采用MATLAB以及商用光学软件进行仿真实验,验证了上述结论。     

激光实际大气水平传输湍流畸变波前的功率谱分析II:波前相位与格林伍德频率

分析了整体倾斜像差去除前后大气湍流畸变波前相位的功率谱。在激光实际大气水平传输实验中 ,利用 6 1单元自适应光学系统的哈特曼波前传感器 ,测量和分析了大气湍流畸变波前相位的功率谱。还建立了一种根据实际测量的波前相位功率谱数据估测自适应光学系统变形镜需要控制带宽大小和大气湍流格林伍德 (Greenwood)频率的方法。     

Variational analysis of circular cone programs

This paper conducts variational analysis of circular programs, which form a new class of optimization problems in nonsymmetric conic programming, important for optimization theory and its applications. First, we derive explicit formulas in terms of the initial problem data to calculate various generalized derivatives/co-derivatives of the projection operator associated with the circular cone. Then we apply generalized differentiation and other tools of variational analysis to establish complete characterizations of full and tilt stability of locally optimal solutions to parameterized circular programs.     

Corkscrew运动影响束流发射度的数值分析

根据Corkscrew运动的特征,建立了束心Corkscrew运动及其对束流发射度的影响的理论模型,并进行了数值计算,揭示了束心Corkscrew运动造成束流积分发射度增长的一般规律,分析了有关参数对积分发射度的影响。计算结果显示,束心Corkscrew运动是叠加在束心平均偏轴上的一种横向运动,同时也是一种色散效应。虽然束心Corkscrew运动与束心平均偏轴具有很多相同的激励因素,但二者具有截然不同的机理。束流的能散度和初始入射角是Corkscrew运动的两个基本因素,而传输磁场、线圈磁轴倾斜及线圈安装方式对Corkscrew运动的幅度和频率构成较大的影响,并引起束流发射度的增长。只要存在初始入射角、初始入射偏轴或线圈磁轴倾斜中的任何一种因素,就会出现束心偏轴。在数值分析的基础上,针对减小束心Corkscrew运动和束轴的偏心提出了相应的抑制措施。