膨胀型类磷酸酯蜜胺盐阻燃剂的合成及应用研究

以双季戊四醇(DPE)、五氧化二磷、水和三聚氰胺为原料,合成了膨胀型环状类磷酸酯蜜胺盐阻燃剂。通过实验提出了合成该阻燃剂的最佳反应条件为：双季戊四醇(DPE)、五氧化二磷、水和三聚氰胺反应物料摩尔配比为1／2．5／2.0／3．45、反应时间4h和反应温度120℃。红外吸收图谱分析表明该阻燃剂具有环状结构,在热重分析和差热分析中该阻燃剂显示出优异的热稳定性和很高的成碳性。以该阻燃剂掺入聚丙烯中,阻燃效果显著,经测试阻燃聚丙烯的极限氧指数(LOI)为33．6,烟密度等级(SDR)为44．25,通过了UL94V-0级。     

N-(5,5-二甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂己内磷酰基)取代苯甲醛腙的合成及其阻燃性能

环状磷酸酯;水合肼;膨胀型阻燃剂;N-(5;5-二甲基-1;3;2-二氧杂己内磷酰基)取代苯甲醛腙的合成及其阻燃性能     

Thermal stability and flame resistance of polypyrrole-coated PET fibres

Electro-conducting doped polypyrrole was deposited by in situ oxidative polymerisation on PET non-wovens. Thermal properties were evaluated by means of DSC and TG in nitrogen and air. Flame resistance tests reveal that coated PET fibres resist to direct contact with fire. By thermal analysis, it was found that PPy reduces the temperature at which thermo-oxidative degradation of PET occurs. Polypyrrole-coated PET non-wovens were heated above the melting point of PET for 30 min. After the heating the fibres become brittle and frail, but SEM observations revealed that they maintained their fibrous shape. A loss of chlorine was found because of intense heating.     

含磷聚酰亚胺纤维的制备及其力学与阻燃性能

采用廉价的三苯基氧膦和混酸合成了一种含磷二胺单体,二（3-氨基苯基）苯基膦氧(DAPPO)。在4,4′-二胺基二苯醚（ODA）、3,3′,4,4′-联苯四酸二酐（BPDA）和均苯四酸二酐（PMDA）聚合体系中引入该单体,制备含磷聚酰亚胺纤维。热失重分析（TGA）结果表明,聚酰亚胺纤维的热稳定性随含磷量的增加而明显提高。当n（DAPPO）：n（ODA）为7：93时,纤维的极限氧指数达到了43,说明纤维的阻燃性能显著提高。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定煤矸石中铜的样品前处理技术改进

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了煤矸石中Cu的含量.研究了实验预处理技术、消解体系的控制选择及仪器条件的优化,建立了相应的原子吸收光谱测定方法.方法的RSD在1%~3%之间,加标回收率达到96.5%~104%.     

A novel intumescent flame retardant imparts high flame retardancy to epoxy resin

Intumescent flame retardant (IFR) has received the considerable attention ascribed to the inherent advantages including non‐halogen, low toxicity, low smoke release and environmentally friendly. In this work, a novel charring agent poly (piperazine phenylaminophosphamide) named as PPTA was successfully synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Then, a series of flame‐retardant EP samples were prepared by blending with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and PPTA. Combustion tests include oxygen Index (LOI), vertical Burning Test (UL‐94) and cone calorimeter testing,these test results showed that PPTA greatly enhances the flame retardancy of EP/APP. According to detailed results, EP containing 10 wt% APP had a LOI value of 30.2%,but had no enhancement on UL‐94 rating. However, after both 7.5 wt% APP and 2.5 wt% PPTA were added, EP‐7 passed UL‐94 V‐0 rating with a LOI value of 33.0%. Moreover, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and peak of smoke product rate (PSPR) of EP‐7 were greatly decreased. Meanwhile, the flame‐retardant mechanism of EP‐7 was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry (TG‐IR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The corresponding results presented PPTA significantly increased the density of char layer, resulting in the good flame retardancy.     

热解火焰法合成碳纳米管:催化剂与合成环境的影响

以CO为碳源,通过氧炔焰形成热解火焰合成了碳纳米管.为了详细研究催化剂与合成环境对合成产物的影响,实验分别应用不同催化剂在不同合成环境中进行取样分析.结果表明:催化剂颗粒尺寸直接决定合成产物的种类,不同产物对合成温度也有不同要求,过高温火焰环境会遏制碳纳米管的合成.最终得出,Fe/Mo/Al2O3载体催化剂适合在热解腔内部830℃无氧的环境下催化合成小直径的单壁、双壁和三壁碳纳米管,而由Fe(CO)5热解-附着-聚合产生的Fe催化剂颗粒适合在600℃的V型体火焰中催化合成大直径多壁碳纳米管.     

火焰喷涂聚苯硫醚(PPS)复合涂层在水环境中的摩擦磨损性能研究

利用火焰喷涂技术在45#钢表面制备了炭纤维增强聚苯硫醚复合涂层并研究了其结构和力学性能,采用MM-200型摩擦磨损试验机对比考察了复合涂层同不锈钢对摩时在干摩擦与水环境中的摩擦磨损性能,并对涂层及偶件磨损表面形貌进行观察分析,采用X射线光电子能谱仪分析了偶件磨损表面典型元素的化学状态,探讨了涂层在水环境中的抗磨机理.结果表明:用火焰喷涂工艺制备聚苯硫醚复合涂层的过程中,聚苯硫醚粉末未发生明显降解与氧化;炭纤维含量影响复合涂层的粗糙度、显微硬度及与底材的结合强度;在水环境中炭纤维增强聚苯硫醚涂层表现出比聚苯硫醚涂层更优良的抗磨性能,这是由于水的冷却与冲刷作用使得复合涂层向偶件磨损表面的粘着转移明显减轻的缘故.     

气相色谱-质谱法测定电子电气产品中多溴二苯醚及多溴联苯

建立了利用气相色谱-质谱测定电子、电气产品中多溴二苯醚及多溴苯的方法。对样品的粉碎、提取方法、色谱柱的选择、测定条件进行研究,并自建标准质谱图库;采用保留时间、Br同位素规则、质谱特征离子、谱库检索等4种方式相结合进行定性,避免了假阳性及漏检的情况,结果更加准确可靠。本法检出限为5mg/kg,PBDEs的回收率为91.3%,PBBs的回收率为92.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.3%。与现有方法相比,本法分离时间最短(6min),具有简便快速、实用性强、灵敏度高、准确可靠等特点,适用于电子电气产品、塑料、橡胶、汽车内饰材料等的溴系阻燃剂分析,满足欧盟RoHS指令检测的要求。     

潮州老香黄、老药桔中矿物质元素的测定

潮州老香黄、老药桔是潮州凉果特产中的极品,但对于这两类凉果的研究工作却很少。用火焰原子吸收法测定了老香黄、老药桔中锌,锰,镉,钙,铜,镍,钴等微量元素的含量。本结果可供生产商作参考,以便对某些含量过高的有害元素在生产过程进行有效的控制,也可作为营养分析的参考依据,为其产品的进一步开发提供科学依据。