Solubility and thermodynamics of solution of argon in aqueous solutions of sodium octanoate and sodium dodecylsulfate

The ostwald absorption coefficient of argon was measured in aqueous solutions of two surfactants; sodium n-octanoate and in sodium dodecylsulfate, at several concentrations and at a few temperatures between 10–25°C. The free energies, entropies and enthalpies of solution were computed. A tentative interpretation of the results is given, based on a competition between the solubilization and the salting-out effects of the surfactants.     

共聚高分子混合物的分子热力学模型

以硬球链流体的分子热力学模型为基础 ,引入方阱位能相互作用的贡献 ,建立了共聚高分子混合物的分子热力学模型 .模型中具有物理意义的链节参数 (链节数、链节直径和链节间的相互作用能 )由纯物质的pVT关系拟合得到 ,而用来校正交叉作用能和交叉碰撞直径的可调参数需由液液平衡的实验数据回归得到 .采用了相对简单的处理方法来确定这些可调参数 .对所选共聚高分子混合物的共存曲线、互溶窗和互溶图等相行为的关联结果令人满意 .     

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Decomposition of dichlorodifluoromethane in thermal plasma was investigated theoretically by computing the equilibrium composition of the gas mixtures involving carbon, chlorine and fluorine in presence of argon (which is assumed to be the main plasma gas) and/or in addition of hydrogen and calcium together with hydrogen. The calculations were carried out for the temperature range between 500 and 6000 K and for the total pressure of the system of 1 bar. Use is made of the fact that a thermal plasma is a plasma in (local) thermal equilibrium, which makes possible the theoretical determination of its equilibrium composition at definite temperature by employing Gibbs free energy data for the compounds present in the system and assuming that the equilibrium of the system corresponds to its minimum energy state. The results of calculations show that toxic molecules and radicals can be, under convenient conditions (appropriate temperature and amount of added substances), converted into stable non-toxic species like CaF₂ and CaCl₂.     

异丁烷与丁烯烷基化反应的热力学分析

对异丁烷与丁烯烷基化反应进行了较为详尽的热力学分析和计算，得到了不同反应温度下的焓值、吉布斯自由能和反应平衡常数，并且对温度、压力和惰性物质对热力学平衡的影响进行了分析。得到了详细的烷基化反应热力学基础数据，这些数据对研究异丁烷与丁烯的烷基化反应具有重要的参考价值。     

从能源产业发展和人才需求浅谈“能源化学”新工科改造

Based on building emerging engineering education of "energy chemistry", we investigated the state key petro-chemical enterprises according to the industrial development and the demand of professional talents. The research report summarizes, analyzes and discusses the current priority development fields of industry, the talent training status, curriculum structure and education program of the chemistry and chemical engineering in universities. The ideas on emerging engineering education of "energy chemistry" have been proposed, and it will be beneficial to building a novel education program for talents training, which integrates the principle of chemistry, energy conversion and information science, etc.     

The influence of grafted functional groups on the adsorption properties of silica

The adsorption properties of silica gel with grafted aminopropyl and guanidinoethanethiol (GET) groups were studied by the techniques of adsorption under static conditions and gas chromatography. It was shown that molecules capable of forming hydrogen bonds are adsorbed on all modified samples more weakly than on the initial silica gel. The grafting of GET radicals on the surface results in a noticiable increase in the dispersion interaction with adsorbed molecules. Calculation of the contributions of molecular groups to the constant of adsorption equilibrium showed that the thermodynamic characteristics of adsorption on aminosilochromes and aminosilicas with a polymeric layer of the modifying agent have similar values. Such adsorbents can be used for investigation of polar compounds, including organic bases. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 452–457, March, 1997.     

Complexation behaviour of benzilmono(Iepidyl)hydrazone (BLH) toward bivalent metal ions: A potentiometric study

Potentiometric investigations on metal complexes of various bivalent metal ions, viz. UO₂(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), Zn(II) and Mn(II) with benzilmonol(lepidy!)hydrazone (BLH) have been carried out at different ionic strengths and at different temperatures in order to determine stability constants of the complexes. Thermodynamic parameters ΔC, ΔH and ΔS have also been evaluated from temperature coefficient data. The effect of varying the dielectric constant of the medium on the stability constants of complexes has also been investigated at 30±0.5°C and μ = 0.1MNaCl. Thermodynamic stability constants and thermodynamic stabilization energies for the first transition metals have also been discussed.     

Solubility of 1-Butene in Water and in a Medium for Cultivation of a Bacterial Strain

Solubility measurements of 1-butene in water, from 20 to 50°C and at atmospheric pressure, were carried out using a Ben-Naim/Baer-type apparatus. The experimental results have a precision of about ±0.3%. Using accurate thermodynamic relations, the Ostwald coefficients at the experimental conditions and at infinite dilution, the mole fractions of the dissolved gas at the gas partial pressure of 101.325 kPa and the Henry coefficients at the water vapor pressure were calculated. The mole fraction of dissolved gas were fitted to the Clarke, Glew, and Weiss equation and thermodynamic quantities, standard molar Gibbs energy, entropy, and enthalpy changes, for the process of transferring the 1-butene molecules from the gaseous to the water phase, were computed. Moreover, solubility measurements of 1-butene in an aqueous medium for the cultivation of Xanthobacter Py2 in the same temperature range were also performed at atmospheric pressure. These solubility data are approximately 2.6% lower than those observed in pure water.     

Kinetics and thermodynamics of the electrodeposition of palladium, thallium, and tellurium from different baths

Some kinetic and activation thermodynamic functions for the electrodeposition of palladium, thallium, and tellurium from the best selected baths, viz. niclosamide bath [5-chloro-N-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-2-hydroxybenzamide] for Pd, alizarin red bath for Tl, and salicylaldehyde bath for Te, are determined. Reaction rate constant (k), half-lifetime (t _1/2), activation energy (E _a), and such activation thermodynamic parameters as entropy change (ΔS*), enthalpy change (ΔH*), and Gibbs free energy (ΔG*) are calculated by applying the rate theory of the first-order reaction and the Eyring theory of the reaction rate. The effect of temperature change in the range of 30–60°C on the above parameters is studied and thoroughly discussed. The effect of metal type on both the reaction rate and the activation energy is also investigated. Published in Russian in Elektrokhimiya, 2006, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 264–271. The text was submitted by the authors in English.