Effect of the air-jet and the false-twist texturing processes on the thermomechanical behaviour of polyamide 6.6 yarns

Polyamide 6.6 multifilament yarns are converted to crimped fibres by texturing in order to simulate the properties of natural staple fibre yarns for textile applications. Texturing is carried out by mechanical stresses (turbulences or twisting) in different atmospheres which affect crystallinity and thermal stability of yarns. Two polyamide yarns with the same linear density but consisting of filaments of different fineness were textured by the air-jet and the false-twist procedures. The influence of texturing conditions and filament fineness on crystallinity and thermomechanical behaviour and dimensional stability were studied by TMA and DSC. The air-jet texturing procedure leads to a slight increase in crystallinity of yarns whereas the false-twist texturing procedure was more effective especially when thicker filaments were textured. The inflection point of the shrinkage curve before melting was a good estimator of the effective temperature of yarn texturing.     

圆柱形表面微坑阵列对点接触润滑摩擦性能的影响

采用激光工艺加工圆柱形表面微孔阵列,并采用三维表面形貌仪表征形状特征和形貌,在摩擦磨损试验机(UMT-Ⅲ)上进行球盘点接触摩擦学试验,研究微坑阵列对点接触润滑摩擦性能的影响.采用Stribeck曲线表征润滑状态的转变,并辅以接触电阻定性表征摩擦副所处的润滑状态.结果表明:微坑深度对点接触润滑摩擦性能有显著影响,随微坑深度从30μm减至0,摩擦系数呈先降低后升高的变化趋势,在本文试验条件下微坑深度为10μm左右时,摩擦系数较光滑表面低,并达到最小.同时,微坑的大小和面积比对摩擦系数也有明显的影响,并同样呈现先减小后增大的趋势.因而存在优化的微坑以达到减小摩擦改进润滑的目的.     

激光微造型对粉末润滑界面边界层行为和润滑特性的影响

粉末润滑在极端条件下可以有效地减摩,但粉末的介入性和界面保持性仍有待提高,研究尝试利用表面的激光微造型,阐明其对粉末润滑特性的影响,改善润滑特性.采用控制变量法,分别改变多功能摩擦磨损试验机的载荷和转速,使用形状测量激光显微系统观察载荷和转速对微造型表面摩擦特性的影响.结果表明:激光微造型表面相对于无微造型表面能承受更大的载荷和转速;激光微造型部位最先形成蝌蚪状界面边界层,在界面边界层损坏过程中,微造型凹坑部位界面边界层保留时间较长,出现蝌蚪状残留和圆坑残留现象;在一定范围内,表面粗糙度随着载荷和转速的增大而逐渐增大.     

基于特殊激光微造型工艺的控制方法研究

鉴于激光表面微造型技术加工金属材料时会带来较严重的负面热效应,提出"单脉冲同点间隔多次"的激光微造型新方法.通过对运动控制卡与自制的调Q控制卡的软件编程,利用声光调Q技术及伺服控制,完成了运动控制系统与激光系统的协同控制,从而实现激光加工新方法.整个系统通过工控机集中控制,利用该方法能够高效率加工出微观或宏观的造型形貌,且能显著减少激光加工所带来的热效应负面影响.该控制系统可在摩擦副表面加工出优化设计的微观形貌.经实际加工验证,设备能够满足加工要求且能获得较好的微观形貌和表面质量.     

45#钢表面复合润滑结构的制备及其摩擦性能研究

采用激光微加工技术在45#钢表面制备了微坑型织构,将激光表面织构化与MoS2固体润滑剂相结合在45#钢表面制备了复合润滑结构.研究了其在干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能,考察了织构面密度及织构化微坑大小对其摩擦性能的影响.通过扫描电镜与能量色散谱仪对磨斑表面进行了分析.结果表明:与未织构面相比,织构面具有低而稳定的摩擦系数和高的耐磨寿命;对同一孔径织构面,随着织构密度的增加其表面摩擦系数随之减小,较适宜的织构密度为20%～35%;对同一织构面密度,当织构面密度小于20%时,较小孔径织构面的摩擦系数更低;织构面密度增至35%后,织构面摩擦系数则随孔径增大而减小;由于织构面复合润滑结构中的微坑有效地储存了润滑剂从而在摩擦过程中维持表面润滑薄膜的形成.     

线接触状态下激光加工微造型表面摩擦特性研究

为了研究表面形貌对线接触弹流状态下摩擦副摩擦特性的影响,采用激光微造型技术,通过控制微造型的形状、深度、间距和面积占有率等参数制造了两组表面高度算术平均值Sa分别相同的试件.使用Talysurf CCI Lite非接触式三维光学轮廓仪对表面进行测量,采用ISO25178参数及连通性系数Us对测量表面进行表征,最后在JPM-1型双盘摩擦磨损试验机上对试件进行富油摩擦试验,得到不同转速、不同载荷工况下的摩擦系数.结果表明:线接触状态下,微造型形状、方向及深度均会对表面的摩擦特性产生影响,顺向箭头微造型表面表现出了最优的摩擦特性;试件摩擦系数随着转速的增大呈线性增长趋势,随着载荷的增大而减小,减小的幅度随载荷的增大逐渐变得缓慢;表面形貌三维表征参数Ssk、Sku、Vvv、Vvc、Us与摩擦特性均有一定的关联性.     

单晶硅表面均匀小尺寸金字塔制备及其特性研究

表面织构是一种通过有效的光俘获增加短路电流从而提高太阳电池效率的主要途径之一.在加入间隙式超声和NaClO添加剂的碱性四甲基氢氧化铵(TMAH)溶液中对单晶硅表面进行织构化处理,研究超声与NaClO在织构过程中对金字塔成核和生长的影响,以及金字塔大小对高温工艺之后的单晶硅少子寿命的影响.研究表明,通过在织构溶液中加入间隙式超声控制气泡停留在硅片表面的时间和脱离硅片表面速度,增强了小尺寸金字塔的均匀分布.织构之后硅片在AM1.5G光谱下的加权平均反射率能够达到12.4%,在高温扩散和氧化之后少子寿命的大小与金字塔大小之间存在近似于指数衰减函数的关系. 关键词： 表面织构化 反射率 少子寿命 单晶硅太阳电池     

Potential of chemical rounding for the performance enhancement of pyramid textured p-type emitters and bifacial n-PERT Si cells

We have investigated the effects of chemical rounding (CR) on the surface passivation and/or antireflection performance of AlO_x- and AlO_x/SiN_x:H stack-passivated pyramid textured p⁺-emitters with two different boron doping concentrations, and on the performance of bifacial n-PERT Si solar cells with a front pyramid textured p⁺-emitter. From experimental results, we found that chemical rounding markedly enhances the passivation performance of AlO_x layers on pyramid textured p⁺-emitters, and the level of performance enhancement strongly depends on boron doping concentration. Meanwhile, chemical rounding increases solar-weighted reflectance (R_SW) from ∼2.5 to ∼3.7% for the AlO_x/SiN_x:H stack-passivated pyramid textured p⁺-emitters after 200-sec chemical rounding. Consequently, compared to non-rounded bifacial n-PERT Si cells, the short circuit current density Jsc of 200-sec-rounded bifacial n-PERT Si cells with ∼60 and ∼100 Ω/sq p⁺-emitters is reduced by 0.8 and 0.6 mA/cm², respectively under front p⁺-emitter side illumination. However, the loss in the short circuit current density Jsc is fully offset by the increased fill factor FF by 0.8 and 1.5% for the 200-sec-rounded cells with ∼60 and ∼100 Ω/sq p⁺-emitters, respectively. In particular, the cell efficiency of the 200-sec-rounded cells with a ∼100 Ω/sq p⁺-emitter is enhanced as a result, compared to that of the non-rounded cells. Based on our results, it could be expected that the cell efficiency of bifacial n-PERT Si cells would be improved without additional complicated and costly processes if chemical rounding and boron doping processes can be properly optimized.     

Superhydrophobic surface structures in thermoplastic polymers by interference lithography and thermal imprinting

We present a method to produce superhydrophobic surfaces in thermoplastic polymer substrates. The method involves the creation of a nickel stamp using a customized laser interference lithography technique and electroplating processes. This stamp is used to emboss sub-micrometer periodic structures into the thermoplastic. The modified surface is coated with a hydrophobic plasma-polymerized hexafluoropropene layer. Surfaces with different periodicity and relief depth were created. On the surface with the highest aspect ratio, advancing water contact angles of 167° were measured with a water contact angle hysteresis of below 5°.     

离子液体/织构化类金刚石碳复合润滑薄膜的构筑及其摩擦学性能的研究

分别采用激光织构、磁控溅射和浸渍-提拉技术在单晶硅片表面成功构筑了具有离子液体纳米薄膜的织构化类金刚石碳复合润滑薄膜,采用三维轮廓仪和SEM观察了织构化类金刚石碳表面,通过X射线光电子能谱证实了织构化类金刚石碳膜表面离子液体纳米薄膜的存在,并利用微摩擦试验机重点考察和理论分析了这种复合润滑薄膜在较大和微载荷下的摩擦学性能.研究结果表明:这种离子液体/织构化类金刚石碳复合润滑薄膜在微载荷下能够有效地缩短磨合时间、降低摩擦系数,然而其在小载荷下摩擦学性能欠佳.