On jet-convex functions and their tensor products

In this article, we introduce necessary and sufficient conditions for the tensor product of two convex functions to be convex. For our analysis we introduce the notions of true convexity, jet-convexity, true jet-convexity as well as true log-convexity. The links between jet-convex and log-convex functions are elaborated. As an algebraic tool, we introduce the jet product of two symmetric matrices and study some of its properties. We illustrate our results by an application from global optimization, where a convex underestimator for the tensor product of two functions is constructed as the tensor product of convex underestimators of the single functions.     

Greybody factor for a scalar field coupling to Einstein's tensor

We study the greybody factor and Hawking radiation for a scalar field coupling to Einstein's tensor in the background of Reissner–Nordström black hole in the low-energy approximation. We find that the presence of the coupling terms modifies the standard results in the greybody factor and Hawking radiation. Our results show that both the absorption probability and Hawking radiation increase with the coupling constant. Moreover, we also find that for the stronger coupling, the charge of black hole enhances the absorption probability and Hawking radiation of the scalar field, which is different from those of ones without coupling to Einstein's tensor in the black hole spacetime.     

Efficient anisotropic filtering of diffusion tensor images

To improve the accuracy of structural and architectural characterization of living tissue with diffusion tensor imaging, an efficient smoothing algorithm is presented for reducing noise in diffusion tensor images. The algorithm is based on anisotropic diffusion filtering, which allows both image detail preservation and noise reduction. However, traditional numerical schemes for anisotropic filtering have the drawback of inefficiency and inaccuracy due to their poor stability and first order time accuracy. To address this, an unconditionally stable and second order time accuracy semi-implicit Craig-Sneyd scheme is adapted in our anisotropic filtering. By using large step size, unconditional stability allows this scheme to take much fewer iterations and thus less computation time than the explicit scheme to achieve a certain degree of smoothing. Second-order time accuracy makes the algorithm reduce noise more effectively than a first order scheme with the same total iteration time. Both the efficiency and effectiveness are quantitatively evaluated based on synthetic and in vivo human brain diffusion tensor images, and these tests demonstrate that our algorithm is an efficient and effective tool for denoising diffusion tensor images.     

Quantitative mapping of diffusion characteristics under the cortical surface

Recent studies have demonstrated regional segregations on several peripheral white matter (WM) regions, which may imply different anatomical or functional characteristics [Cereb Cortex 17(4) 2007 816–25; Neuroimage 37(2) 2007 599–610; J Cogn Neurosci 16(7) 2004 1227–33]. Nonetheless, little is known about overall patterns of peripheral WM across the regions. In this study, diffusion tensor imaging with 2-mm isovoxel resolution and cortical surface mapping were combined to determine peripheral WM structure. Fractional anisotropy (FA) mapping showed consistent regional patterns across the young normal subjects while significant high or low FA values were shown in the motor-somatosensory cortex, prefrontal cortex, temporal, and medial occipital cortex. By adopting both region of interest and connectivity analysis, results were then discussed with structural network properties as well as WM maturation process.     

贝尔特拉米微分参数的历史作用

19世纪,数学经历着巨大的变革,微分几何以及代数实现了近代向现代的转化.其中,贝尔特拉米微分参数是这段历史当中作用很大的成果,它对弹性力学、电磁学、势论以及张量分析都有重要作用,尤其以张量分析为主要.     

单位球面上具有非负M(o)bius截面曲率的超曲面

Let x : M → Sn 1 be a hypersurface in the (n 1)-dimensional unit sphere Sn 1 without umbilic point. The M(o)bius invariants of x under the M(o)bius transformation group of Sn 1 are M(o)bius metric, M(o)bius form, M(o)bius second fundamental form and Blaschke tensor. In this paper, we prove the following theorem: Let x: M → Sn 1 (n ≥ 2) be an umbilic free hypersurface in Sn 1with nonnegative M(o)bius sectional curvature and with vanishing M(o)bius form. Then x is locally M(o)bius equivalent to one of the following hypersurfaces: (i) the torus Sk(a) × Sn-k(√1-a2) with 1 ≤ k ≤ n - 1; (ii) the pre-image of the stereographic projection of the standard cylinder Sk × Rn-k (∩) Rn 1 with 1 ≤ k ≤ n - 1; (iii) the pre-image of the stereographic projection of the cone in Rn 1: ～x(u, v, t) = (tu, tv),where (u,v,t) ∈ Sk(a) × Sn-k-1( √1- a2) × R .     

具有广义协变的包含重力场贡献的重力场方程

利用半度规λ^(α)_μ表象的数学工具定义一个对广义坐标具有协变形式的重力场矢势函数ω^(α)_μ≡-cλ^(α)_μ，给出一个具有广义协变的包含重力场贡献的重力场方程R_μν-g_μνR/2+Λg_μν=8πG(T^(Ⅰ)_μν+T^(Ⅱ)_μν) 关键词： 重力场方程 协变形式 能量-动量张量 量子化     

Frobenius-type theorems for Lipschitz distributions

We generalize the classical Frobenius Theorem to distributions that are spanned by locally Lipschitz vector fields. The various versions of the involutivity conditions are extended by means of set-valued Lie derivatives—in particular, set-valued Lie brackets—and set-valued exterior derivatives. A PDEs counterpart of these Frobenius-type results is investigated as well.     

氦原子1snp组态的塞曼效应

利用塞曼哈密顿的球张量形式,采用将微扰理论与里兹变分方法相结合的方式,导出了氦原子1snp组态塞曼哈密顿矩阵元的一般形式,给出了氦原子1s3p组态塞曼效应之解,并绘出了不同磁场强度下氦原子1s3p组态的塞曼能级分裂图.