Ag核Au壳双金属复合纳米线的制备及其表面增强拉曼光谱研究

采用氧化铝模板结合交流电沉积技术制备纯银纳米线, 然后通过化学还原方法, 并控制加入的金盐的量, 在已制备好的银线表面包裹不同厚度的金壳层, 得到具有核壳结构的Ag_核Au_壳复合纳米线. 采用电子显微镜(SEM, TEM)和表面增强拉曼光谱对该复合结构纳米线进行相关表征, 纳米线的表面形貌与加入的金盐的量有关. 以苯硫酚(TP)和对巯基苯胺(PATP)为探针分子, 研究了此类复合纳米线的表面增强拉曼散射效应. 并以PATP在金银纳米线表面吸附的表面增强拉曼光谱的差别为探针, 表征了复合纳米线表面金的包裹程度, 结果表明一定厚度的包裹程度可制备无针孔效应的核壳结构金银复合纳米线.     

以聚乙二醇-b-聚四乙烯基吡啶为模板制备聚联苯胺微/纳米颗粒及其电容特性

以两亲性嵌段共聚物聚乙二醇-b-聚四乙烯基吡啶(PEO-b-P4VP)为模板制备聚联苯胺微/纳米颗粒,调节模板剂胶束溶液pH,得到了一系列形貌和尺寸可控的聚联苯胺微/纳米颗粒。利用红外光谱、核磁共振、透射电镜、循环伏安、恒电流放电、交流阻抗等测试对材料的结构和性能进行了表征。模板法合成的聚联苯胺为平均直径小于200nm的亚微米至纳米级棒状颗粒,其直径随着模板剂胶束溶液pH的降低而增加。所得聚联苯胺颗粒均显示了一定的电化学活性,当电流密度为1A/g时,聚联苯胺的比电容量达到306.3F/g,经过长时间的充放电测试,不同条件下合成的聚联苯胺的容量衰减率均很小,表现出良好的循环稳定性且各样品电化学性能呈现出随着直径的减小而增强的趋势。     

模板法制备无机纳米材料的研究进展

模板法在无机纳米材料的制备过程中能够有效地控制形貌、粒径和结构,已成为合成无机纳米材料的前沿方法。综述了模板法制备无机纳米材料的研究进展,主要介绍了硬模板剂(多孔阳极氧化铝、介孔碳)和软模板剂(高分子聚合物、生物高分子)的制备及其应用,结合模板法的作用机制,重点论述了不同种类的模板剂在无机纳米材料制备过程中对于形貌的影响。并对模板法制备无机纳米材料的前景和现存问题进行了总结。参考文献35篇。     

离子交换法制备廉价而高效的可见光驱动CaMg(CO3)2@Ag2CO3微球光催化剂

Ag2CO3是一种典型的银基半导体,可在可见光照射下降解各种有机染料,但制备成本高,光腐蚀严重,稳定性差,难以循环利用等,因而限制了它的实际应用.针对这些问题,目前多数的改进措施是构建异质结,有效的分离光生电子与空穴来提高Ag2CO3的光催化性能.比如典型的异质结光催化剂有TiO2/Ag2CO3,Ag2CO3/ZnO,Ag2O/Ag2CO3和AgX/Ag2CO3等.也有在表面化学沉积,光化学还原Ag等贵金属形成等离子体等方式提高其光催化性能,但是很少通过特殊形貌控制以提高Ag2CO3的光催化性能.最近的研究表明,由于多尺度微球结构催化剂具有高效的光捕能力,同时具有比表面积大、易沉降,良好的物质传输能力和表面的渗透性,因而在液相光催化反应中具有明显的优势.因此,我们期望制备出一个多尺度微球结构Ag2CO3光催化剂.CaMg(CO3)2是一种具有微球结构的半导体,它与Ag2CO3有相同的阴离子结构,但是两者在水溶液中的溶解度相差较大,利用这个特性理论上可以将两个不同的半导体结合在一起,得到一种新型的复合微球.本文以CaMg(CO3)2微球为硬模板,通过简单的离子交换成功制备了粒径约为10μm的CaMg(CO3)2@Ag2CO3微球.利用X射线衍射、N2物理吸附、扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱和紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱、光电流等手段对在不同反应时间与温度下制得的CaMg(CO3)2与Ag2CO3的复合物进行了表征.结果表明,在40°C下Ag+与Ca2+、Mg2+离子交换4 h后,得到了一种多尺度CaMg(CO3)2@Ag2CO3复合微球.此时,微球中Ag2CO3的含量约为2.56%.结果表明,这种具有多尺度结构的复合微球能够增强可见光的吸收.电化学阻抗测试和光电流测试表明,CaMg(CO3)2核的存在可以降低光生载流子的迁移阻力,进而促进光生电子与空穴的分离.在光降解酸性橙II的测试中,核壳结构的CaMg(CO3)2@Ag2CO3复合微球表现出了更高的催化活性,而且具有更好的循环使用性能.同时,相对于纯Ag2CO3光催化剂来说,CaMg(CO3)2@Ag2CO3复合微球制备的成本大幅度降低.ESR测试证明了·OH为CaMg(CO3)2@Ag2CO3复合微球光催化过程中的主要活性物质.     

Highly selective coextraction of rhodamine B and dibenzyl phthalate based on high‐density dual‐template imprinted shells on silica microparticles

A simple one‐pot approach based on molecularly imprinted polymer shells dispersed on the surface of silica for simultaneous determination of rhodamine B and dibenzyl phthalate (DBzP) has been developed. Highly dense molecularly imprinted polymer shells were formed in the mixture of acetonitrile and toluene by the copolymerization of methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, as well as two templates, rhodamine B and dibenzyl phthalate, directed by the vinyl end groups functional monolayer at surface silica microspheres after 3‐methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane modification. The obtained imprinted polymer shells showed large average pore diameter (102.5 nm) and about 100 nm shell thickness. The imprinted particles also showed high imprinting factor (α_RhB = 3.52 and α_DBzP = 3.94), rapid binding kinetics, and excellent selective affinity capacity for rhodamine B and dibenzyl phthalate containing another three competitors in mixed solution. Moreover, the imprinted particles coupled with ultra high performance liquid chromatography was successfully applied to simultaneous analysis of rhodamine B and dibenzyl phthalate in two spiked beverage samples with average recoveries in the range of 88.0−93.0% for rhodamine B and 84.0–92.0% for dibenzyl phthalate with the relative standard deviation lower than 5.1%.     

萘基相互连接的多孔碳纳米囊的制备及超电容性能

以萘为碳源, 采用MgO模板诱导耦合KOH裁剪技术制备了相互连接的多孔碳纳米囊(ICNC). 结果表明所制备的ICNC₂具有大的比表面积(1811 m²/g)、 高的压实密度(1.38 g/cm³)和微孔孔容含量(58.93%). 在对称的超级电容器(SC)中, ICNC₂电极的体积比容在不同电流密度下分别高达420.8 F/cm³(0.069 A/cm³)和315 F/cm³(27.6 A/cm³), 容量保持率为74.82%. 在38 W/L功率密度下, ICNC₂基SC的体积能量密度为14.6 W?h/L. 经过20000次循环后, 其体积比容仅衰减1.4%, 库伦效率为99.1%, 为从萘基小分子制备储能用功能碳材料提供了一种可行的方法.     

[2]Catenane Synthesis via Covalent Templating

After earlier unsuccessful attempts, this work reports the application of covalent templating for the synthesis of mechanically interlocked molecules (MiMs) bearing no supramolecular recognition sites. Two linear strands were covalently connected in a perpendicular fashion by a central ketal linkage. After subsequent attachment of the first strand to a template via temporary benzylic linkages, the second was linked to the template in a backfolding macrocyclization. The resulting pseudo[1]rotaxane structure was successfully converted to a [2]catenane via a second macrocyclization and cleavage of the ketal and temporary linkages.     

石墨相氮化碳的模板法制备、表征及光催化性能测试综合化学实验

采用简单原料（单氰胺、硅溶胶）利用模板法制备石墨相氮化碳,并对所得产物进行结构表征与形貌分析。采用光催化降解亚甲基蓝实验评价石墨相氮化碳的可见光催化性能,得到降解反应动力学方程与降解速率常数。通过实验,可使学生熟悉纳米材料可控制备中常用的模板法,对产物的测试与表征有利于加深学生对光催化材料结构与性能的了解。实验涉及多个学科领域,有利于拓宽学生知识面,培养学生科研创新能力。     

Facile Synthesis of Lanthanide (Ce,Eu, Tb,Ce/Tb,Yb/Er,Yb/Ho,and Yb/Tm)‐Doped LnF3 and LnOF Porous Sub‐Microspheres with Multicolor Emissions

Monodisperse YF₃ and YOF porous sub‐microspheres were synthesized by using a novel sacrificing template method with amorphous Y(OH)CO₃ ⋅ x H₂O as the precursors and the template. It was found that the size and shape were well maintained, and the condensed precursor was transformed into uniform porous structures after fluoridation. By fine‐tuning the feed of the fluorine source, the final product could be converted from YF₃ to YOF. A possible growth mechanism is proposed for the uniform porous YF₃ structure and the porous yolk–shell‐like YOF structure. The luminescence properties showed that the as‐synthesized YF₃:Ln³⁺ (Ln=Eu, Tb, Ce, Ce/Tb, Yb/Er, Yb/Ho, and Yb/Tm) products exhibited strong multicolor emissions, which included down‐/upconversion and energy‐transfer processes. Additionally, YOX (X=Cl and Br) could be obtained if a different halogen source was used during calcination. However, the spheres were almost completely destroyed. Our novel synthetic route can also be extended to other lanthanide fluorides (REF₃, RE=Gd, Lu), which may open a facile way to fabricate novel porous nanostructures.