液体封装LED汽车远光灯光学设计

使用一种导热性能好、粘度小、电绝缘性强、无腐蚀性的透明液体封装LED,研究其封装后的光学特性,以获得一种光效高、散热好、体积小的新型汽车光源.按照汽车用LED前照灯GB25991-2010配光要求,选用1 300 Lm的大功率白光LED光源,采用椭球面玻璃作为灯具基本外壳.用光学设计软件TracePro进行设计,通过调节光源在灯具内的位置,修改玻璃外壳形状,设计出了一款自投射式LED汽车远光灯.设计结果表明:以目前大功率白光LED光源技术,椭球面玻璃外壳直径在40～50 mm范围内的远光灯完全能满足国标要求,光能收集效率在86.5％以上.最后对制作灯具进行测试,照度值分布与仿真结果基本吻合.     

基于磁流体热透镜效应的阈值可调光学限幅器的理论设计

理论模拟了激光束通过磁流体样品后产生的远场光斑图样,提出了一种阈值可调光学限幅器的实现方案.计算了不同光阑孔径半径和不同光阑样品距离情况下,系统的出射光功率与入射光功率的关系.得出了系统的光学限幅阈值随光阑孔径半径的增大以及光阑样品距离的减小而向高功率方向转移的结论,且限幅阈值与光阑孔径半径之间呈线性关系.定义了描述磁流体样品特征的参量f,发现了系统的光学限幅阈值随f的绝对值增加而减小.本文的结论能为实际的磁流体基可调谐光学限幅器的设计与制作提供有益的参考.     

Q-type非球面技术在超短焦全景镜头设计中的应用

介绍了Q-type新型非球面多项式算法及其相比于传统非球面多项式在加工、制造方面的优势.引入超短焦全景镜头焦距与分辨率的关系,利用Q-type非球面技术,设计了一款焦距0.657mm,焦距像高比≤0.184的全景镜头.该镜头由7组8片透镜组成,包含4面非球面透镜.设计结果表明:在空间频率为227 lp/mm处,调制传递函数值大于0.3,接近衍射极限;在垂直半视场角45°～90°的环景边缘区域,图像角分辨率达到了1.163 7 mm/(°),使得环景展开后有较高分辨率,表明Q-type非球面技术在超短焦全景镜头设计中有一定优越性.     

一种头盔式高亮背光显示系统设计

高亮背光显示装置在航空航天领域有着广泛的应用,结构小巧,重量轻便是其发展趋势;通过自由曲面棱镜和菲涅尔螺纹镜的引入从而使系统的光学结构简单,依据光学原件设计了显示系统的机械封装和电路系统,整个显示系统部件定位准确,组装和拆卸方便,总重量小于30g。测试结果表明整个系统可以达到如下的指标：亮度200000cd／m2,均匀度大于859／6,功耗小于6W,达到设计要求。     

Fighting against diffraction: apodization and near field diffraction structures

Diffraction is a natural phenomenon, which occurs when waves propagate or encounter an obstacle. Diffraction is also a fundamental aspect of modern optics: all imaging systems are diffraction systems. However, like a coin has two sides, diffraction also leads to some unfavorable effects, such as an increase in the size of a beam during propagation, and a limited minimal beam size after focusing. To overcome these disadvantages set by diffraction, many techniques have been developed by various groups, including apodization techniques to reduce the divergence of a laser beam and increase the resolution, and time reversal, STED microscopy, super lenses and optical antennas to obtain resolution down to nano‐scale. This review concentrates on the diffraction of electromagnetic waves, and the ways to overcome beam divergence and the diffraction limit.     

液体变焦技术的发展与展望

介绍一种非移动式变焦技术一液体变焦技术。对国内外液体变焦技术的科研成果进行了归纳和总结,介绍了液体变焦透镜的基本原理及实现形式,分析了液体透镜的优异性能及其对光学领域的影响。根据液体变焦技术的发展现状和工程应用情况,指出液体变焦技术目前的研究重点主要应放在如何克服温度场和重力场对液体透镜性能的影响等机理研究,液体透镜的离轴系统和非对称系统的设计以及加速液体透镜的产品化等工作上。     

Primal and dual algorithms for optimization over the efficient set

ABSTRACT

Optimization over the efficient set of a multi-objective optimization problem is a mathematical model for the problem of selecting a most preferred solution that arises in multiple criteria decision-making to account for trade-offs between objectives within the set of efficient solutions. In this paper, we consider a particular case of this problem, namely that of optimizing a linear function over the image of the efficient set in objective space of a convex multi-objective optimization problem. We present both primal and dual algorithms for this task. The algorithms are based on recent algorithms for solving convex multi-objective optimization problems in objective space with suitable modifications to exploit specific properties of the problem of optimization over the efficient set. We first present the algorithms for the case that the underlying problem is a multi-objective linear programme. We then extend them to be able to solve problems with an underlying convex multi-objective optimization problem. We compare the new algorithms with several state of the art algorithms from the literature on a set of randomly generated instances to demonstrate that they are considerably faster than the competitors.     

Fuzzy multi-choice goal programming

Goal programming as a well known technique has been widely used for solving multi objective decision making problems. However, in some practical cases, there may exist situations where the decision maker is interested in setting multi aspiration levels for objectives that may not be expressed in a precise manner. In this paper, a novel formulation of fuzzy multi-choice goal programming (FMCGP) is presented. The proposed approach not only improves the applicability of goal programming in real world situations but also provides useful insight about the solution of a new class of problems. To illustrate and clarify the proposed approach, a numerical example is presented.     

Expanding the view into complex material systems: From micro-ARPES to nanoscale HAXPES

The analysis of chemical and electronic states in complex and nanostructured material systems requires electron spectroscopy to be carried out with nanometer lateral resolution, i.e. nanospectroscopy. This goal can be achieved by combining a parallel imaging photoelectron emission microscope with a bandpass energy filter. In this contribution we describe selected experiments employing a dedicated spectromicroscope – the NanoESCA. This instrument has a particular emphasis on the spectroscopic aspects and enables laterally resolved photoelectron spectroscopy from the VUV up into the hard X-ray regime.