Single-Molecule Redox-Targeting Reactions for a pH-Neutral Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Battery

Aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) have received considerable attention for large-scale energy storage. Quinone derivatives, such as 9,10-anthraquinone-2,7-disulphonic acid (2,7-AQDS), have been explored intensively owing to potentially low cost and swift reaction kinetics. However, the low solubility in pH-neutral electrolytes restricts their application to corrosive acidic or caustic systems. Herein, the single molecule redox-targeting reactions of 2,7-AQDS anolyte are presented to circumvent its solubility limit in pH-neutral electrolytes. Polyimide was employed as a low-cost high-capacity solid material to boost the capacity of 2,7-AQDS electrolyte to 97 Ah L⁻¹. Through in situ FTIR spectroscopy, a hydrogen-bonding mediated reaction mechanism was disclosed. In conjunction with NaI as catholyte and nickel hexacyanoferrate as the catholyte capacity booster, a single-molecule redox-targeting reaction-based full cell with energy density up to 39 Wh L⁻¹ was demonstrated.     

聚合物胶束结合靶向在肿瘤化疗中的研究进展

肿瘤研究的一个主要方向是开发高效无毒副作用的药物载体系统。聚合物胶束由内部可装载难溶性药物的疏水内核,外部能提高体内运输作用的亲水外壳组成,粒径一般为10～100nm左右。这种粒径范围的载药体系既能逃脱肾脏的排泄清除,又能躲避内皮网状系统的吞噬,延长药物在血液中的循环时间。聚合物胶束结合肿瘤靶向在化疗方面的应用,能够有效改善化疗药物的水溶性,提高化疗药物的利用率和抗肿瘤活性,降低对机体正常细胞组织的毒副作用,克服多药耐药性问题,进而极大地提高了肿瘤化疗效果和促进了肿瘤化疗的发展进步。本文着重综述聚合物胶束在化疗药物载药与靶向策略方面的研究现状与进展。     

A multi-objective mathematical optimization model for process targeting using 100% inspection policy

The selection of the optimal process target is an important problem in production planning and quality control. Such process targeting problems are usually modeled in the literature using a single objective optimization model. In this paper multi-objective optimization is introduced in the process targeting area. The quality characteristic under consideration is normally distributed with unknown mean and known standard deviation, and has two market specification limits. 100% inspection is used as the mean of product quality control. Product satisfies the first specification limit is sold in a primary market at a regular price and products fails the first specification limit and satisfies the second one is sold in a secondary market at a reduced price. The product is reworked if it does not satisfy both specification limits. The developed multi-objective optimization model consists of three objective functions, which are to maximize profit, income and product uniformity using Taguchi quadratic function as a surrogate for product uniformity. An algorithm is proposed to obtain and rank the set of Pareto optimal points. The utility of the model has been demonstrated using a numerical example from the literature with some additional data the new model requires. Sensitivity analysis was conducted and showed that the results of the model are sensitive to changes in process variance. In addition the optimal objectives of the profit function and product uniformity are more sensitive to changes in model parameters than the income function.     

聚酰胺-胺型树枝状大分子及其衍生物在基因传递中的应用

基因治疗通过基因载体将治病基因导入病患的特异细胞以治疗心血管、神经系统疾病和癌症等。寻找安全高效的非病毒基因载体一直是基因治疗以及生物材料领域中的前沿课题。聚酰胺-胺型(PAMAM)树枝状高分子作为一类三维的、结构高度有序的新型载体,由于具有安全性好、易于修饰、携带外源基因容量大等特点,已经引起了广泛的关注。但是另一方面,合成步骤相对繁琐、后期产物纯化困难以及转染效率相对较低等问题限制了这类载体的进一步发展。本文结合本课题组的研究情况,针对如何提高PAMAM的转染效率以及增强其基因传递的靶向性等相关问题,对近几年在PAMAM树枝状分子修饰改性方面所做的一些有意义的工作进行了综述,并对前景进行了展望。     

Quantitative models for direct marketing: A review from systems perspective

In this paper, quantitative models for direct marketing models are reviewed from a systems perspective. A systems view consists of input, processing, and output and the six key activities of direct marketing that take place within these constituent parts. A discussion about inputs for direct marketing models is provided by describing the various types of data used, by determining the significance of the data, and by addressing the issue of selection of appropriate data. Two types of models, statistical and machine learning based, are popularly used for conducting direct marketing activities. The advantages and disadvantages of these two approaches are discussed along with enhancements to these models. The evaluation of output for direct marketing models is done on the basis of accuracy and profitability. Some challenges in conducting research in the area of quantitative direct marketing models are listed and some significant research questions are proposed.     

间接糖基化马蹄金素衍生物的合成及抗乙肝病毒活性研究

以二缩三乙二醇或三缩四乙二醇为连接臂, 通过间接引入具有肝靶向性的D-半乳糖配基的方法, 设计合成了6个半乳糖糖基化修饰的肝靶向马蹄金素(MTS)衍生物; 通过¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, ¹H-¹H COSY, HMQC和ESI-MS对其结构进行了表征; 并以HepG2 2.2.15为细胞模型初步评价了目标化合物的抗乙肝病毒(HBV)活性. 结果表明, 所有目标化合物对HBV DNA的复制均有抑制作用, 且具有一定的量效关系. 化合物15b的体外抗HBV活性最好, 后期研究将选用其进行小鼠体内组织分布实验, 并与原型化合物以及Y101体内组织分布情况进行比较研究, 以验证半乳糖基的引入能否提高MTS衍生物的肝靶向性.     

Reduction‐responsive poly (ethylene glycol)‐dexamethasone biarm conjugate and its self‐assembled nanomicelles: Preparation,physicochemical characterization,and thiol‐triggered drug release

In this study, a reduction‐responsive poly (ethylene glycol)‐dexamethasone biarm conjugate was synthesized as intracellular targeted drug delivery carriers. The hydroxyl end group of methoxy poly (ethylene glycol) (mPEG) was modified to introduce a biarm structure with bioreducible disulfide bond and amine end groups. Dexamethasone (Dex) as a nuclear targeting moiety was conjugated to the amine end groups of mPEG biarm derivatives, mPEG‐(NH₂)₂ or mPEG‐(ss‐NH₂)₂, with or without bioreducible disulfide bonds. The bioreducible and nonreducible mPEG‐Dex biarm conjugates, R‐mPEG‐Dex and N‐mPEG‐Dex, were synthesized and characterized by various analytical methods, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H‐NMR), Fourier transform infraredspectroscopy (FT‐IR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and fluorescence measurements. Amphiphilic mPEG‐Dex conjugates self‐assembled in aqueous solutions to form nanoparticles (NPs) with a size range of 130 to 150 nm, and their critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) were determined to be 12.4 and 15.3 mg/L, respectively, for bioreducible and nonreducible ones. The R‐mPEG‐Dex NPs maintained good colloidal stability in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) for more than 1 week but demonstrated a significant change in colloidal stability in the presence of dithiothreitol (DTT). In DTT‐containing phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS), the bioreducible NPs showed not only reduction‐responsive destabilization with PEG shedding but also thiol‐dependent drug release profile. Our observations indicated that the R‐mPEG‐Dex NPs have a promising prospective as an efficient nanocarrier for intracellular targeted delivery of various anticancer drugs.     

Temperature-sensitive polypeptide brushes-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles for dual-responsive drug release

A biopolymer-inorganic hybrid system (MSN@PBLGF) is designed and fabricated from mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and folic acid (FA)-terminated temperature-sensitive synthetic polypeptide, i.e., poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamate) (PBLG) derivative, through a thiol-disulfide exchange reaction, where MSNs with high drug loading capacity serve as drug nanocarriers and the biocompatible PBLG biopolymer brushes installed on MSN surface through disulfide bonds endow the system with tumor-specific recognition ability and GSH/temperature dual-stimuli responsiveness. Controlled drug release experiments indicate that DOX can be tightly hosted in the system with limited premature release, but efficiently released in response to an increased concentration of GSH and/or an elevated temperature. Intracellular experiments demonstrate that the DOX-loaded MSN@PBLGF nanohybrid shows outstanding cellular uptake and cell-growth inhibition effects on human lung cancer cell line A549 in comparison with healthy human cells such as hepatocyte cells LO2.     

基于多肽的纳米药物递送系统的研究

构建纳米药物递送系统改善药物的理化性质和生物学性质已经成为现代药物设计研究的热点和重要方向。其中,多肽作为新兴的纳米药物的构筑基元具有良好生物相容性、自组装性与化学可变性等性质,激起了广泛的研究兴趣,为构建新型纳米递送系统提供了崭新的研究方向。本文阐述了自组装多肽在疏水作用、氢键、静电作用、π-π堆积等非共价作用力的综合作用下构建胶束、囊泡、球、纤维等不同形貌的纳米材料;进一步介绍了多肽药物结合物的基本概念以及高载药量、高生物利用度的优势,总结了近年来基于功能性多肽构建纳米药物递送系统的研究;重点介绍了近五年来报道的具有自组装性、增强溶解性、长效性、靶向性、刺激响应性、细胞跨膜性等多种功能的智能多肽纳米药物递送系统。     

重叠PCR法构建嗜酸乳杆菌分选酶A基因外源打靶片段

为比较单步法、分步法重叠PCR在构建嗜酸乳杆菌Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC4356分选酶A(SrtA)外源打靶片段的差异性, 设计了5对具有20~25bp互补末端的引物, 分别扩增两对上下游同源臂和卡那霉素基因, 先采用分步法、单步法重叠PCR构建不含筛选基因的外源打靶片段SrtA-up2-SrtA-down2, 比较两者优劣, 随后取较优者构建含抗生素筛选基因的打靶片段SrtA-up1-Kan-SrtA-down1. 结果显示单步法优于分步法, 非特异性扩增少, 拖尾现象少, 且扩增打靶片段SrtA-up1-Kan-SrtA-down1条带单一, 无非特异性扩增. 即在构建两种外源打靶片段时, 单步法重叠PCR优于分步法PCR, 为之后构建嗜酸乳杆菌基因打靶载体、构建融合基因打下了基础.