压缩载荷作用下岩石类材料的断裂模式研究

为了解岩石类材料在压缩条件下的裂纹扩展规律,本文对含有内部倾斜裂纹的石膏板试件进行了双轴压缩实验. 研究表明:在通常情况下岩石裂纹按I 型张拉模式扩展,但随着裂纹表面摩擦系数μ和围压与纵向荷载比值λ的提高,翼裂纹扩展的偏转角随之减少.当裂纹表面摩擦系数和围压与纵向荷载比值足够大时,例如,μ=0.83和λ=0.315,岩石裂纹按Ⅱ型剪切模式扩展.然而,当裂纹表面摩擦系数和围压与纵向荷载比值进一步增加时,石膏板试件将发生强度破坏.本文提出了一个理论模型用以解释和描述这一实验现象.     

扭动微动的模拟及其试验研究

在CETR UMT-2型多功能摩擦磨损试验机上配置高精度低速往复转动台,构成新型试验装置并成功实现了球/平面接触条件下的扭动微动;在低速往复转动台上进行了GCr15钢球(直径10 mm)与LZ50钢在扭动角位移幅值为3°～20°和法向载荷10 N时的扭动微动试验,并在分析其摩擦动力学行为的基础上对LZ50钢的扭动微动损伤特征进行探讨.结果表明:角位移幅值和循环次数对扭动微动行为影响很大;可以通过摩擦力矩-角位移(T-θ)曲线表征扭动微动行为;随着循环次数变化,T-θ曲线呈3种基本类型,即平行四边形状、椭圆状和直线状.扭动微动损伤在低角位移幅值时较轻微,随着角位移幅值增加,出现塑性流动、氧化磨损和剥层.     

结构动力重分析的子结构有理逼近

在基于子结构灵敏度综合的结构动力重分析方法的基础上,应用向量值函数有理逼近,提出了一种新的结构动力重分析方法。子结构方法的应用,有效减少了结构自由度数目,达到了减少计算量的目的。将向量值函数有理逼近应用于截断的Taylor级数,提高了计算精度,扩大了收敛范围,适用于结构作大修改的情形。数值算例表明,所提出的方法对结构参数发生大修改能够有效降低Taylor级数截断的误差,给出高精度的逼近结果。     

Formation of the plastic zone in an anisotropic body with a crack

The influence of the length of a mode I crack on the plastic zone in an anisotropic body under hard loading is studied. The case of a generalized plane stress state is examined. A boundary-value problem is solved numerically to study the behavior of the main plastic zone at the crack tip, the additional plastic zone on the lateral face of the body, and the merged plastic zone Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 44, No. 9, pp. 36–52, September 2008.     

利用慢度曲面研究三方晶系晶体的纯模轴

本文介绍了一种利用慢度曲面判断三方晶系晶体纯模轴的方法.通过研究弹性波在垂直于Z轴的平面内及在YZ和ZX平面内传播时的慢度曲线,不难发现弹性波的能量速度和相速度一致的方向,该方向即为晶体的纯模轴.     

Duality Computing in Quantum Computers

In this letter, we propose a duality computing mode, which resembles particle-wave duality property when a quantum system such as a quantum computer passes through a double-slit. In this mode, computing operations are not necessarily unitary. The duality mode provides a natural link between classical computing and quantum computing. In addition, the duality mode provides a new tool for quantum algorithm design.     

Modeling adiabatic shear failure from energy considerations

The numerical simulation of dynamic structural failure by localized shear is quite complex in terms of constitutive models and choice of adequate failure criteria, along with a pronounced mesh-sensitivity. As a result, the existing numerical procedures are usually quite sophisticated, so that their application for design purposes is still limited. This study is based on the implementation of a simple energy-based criterion, which was developed on experimental considerations (Rittel et al., 2006), and uses a minimal number of adjustable parameters. According to this criterion, a material point starts to fail when the total strain energy density reaches a critical value. Thereafter, the strength of the element decreases gradually to zero to mimic the actual structural behavior. The criterion was embedded into commercial finite element software and tested by simulating numerically four typical high-rate experiments. The first is the dynamic torsion test of a tubular specimen. The second concerns the failure mode transition in mode II fracture of an edge crack in plain strain. The last two involve dynamic shear localization under high rate compression of a cylindrical and a shear compression specimen. A very good adequation was found both qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitatively, in terms of failure path selection, and quantitatively, in terms of local strains, temperatures and critical impact velocity. The proposed approach is enticing from an engineering perspective aimed at predicting the onset and propagation of dynamic shear localization in actual structures.     

一种抑制杂交元零能模式的假设应力场方法

基于杂交元位移场直接导出可以表示单元任意变形的简单变形模式,同时指出与所有假设应力模式正交的非零变形为零能机动模式,从而可以用简单变形模式方便地识别和抑制单元零能模式。在此基础上利用初始应力模式与简单变形模式的正交性提出一种假设杂交元应力场的有效方法,结合等函数法应力模式组成初始应力模式,不仅可以根据实际问题需要灵活地假设不同分布规律的应力场,而且所形成杂交元完全避免零能机动模式。在数值算例中采用本文方法分别形成了2D-4节点杂交元和3D-8节点杂交元的多种假设应力场,表明本文所提出方法是有效可行的。     

T尾结构振动的模态局部化判据研究

用峰值振幅比定义局部化度,用平尾刚度与垂尾刚度的比值定义耦合度.基于T尾结构的质量失调模型,从模态峰值振幅比、失调耦合比、常规摄动和近频摄动4个角度,提出4个不同的局部化判据来预测T尾结构模态局部化的发生.对一个T尾结构模型局部化振动的数值分析结果表明:(1)T尾结构系统一般具有弱耦合性,小量的失调就可以使T尾结构发生模态局部化;(2)T尾结构一旦发生模态局部化,不但使对称一弯模态和反对称一弯模态的振型发生较大改变,而且其模态频率也将改变,模态频率的改变在失调量的正负区间内具有唯一性;(3)算例验证了4个模态局部化判据的可行性和有效性,为T尾结构的模态局部化分析和设计提供了依据.     

APPROXIMATE SOLUTIONS FOR TRANSIENT RESPONSE OF CONSTRAINED DAMPING LAMINATED CANTILEVER PLATE

The series composed by beam mode function is used to approximate the displacement function of constrained damping of laminated cantilever plates, and the transverse deformation of the plate on which a concentrated force is acted is calculated using the principle of virtual work.By solving Lagrange＇s equation, the frequencies and model loss factors of free vibration of the plate are obtained, then the transient response of constrained damping of laminated cantilever plate is obtained, when the concentrated force is withdrawn suddenly.The theoretical calculations are compared with the experimental data, the results show：both the frequencies and the response time of theoretical calculation and its variational law with the parameters of the damping layer are identical with experimental results.Also, the response time of steel cantilever plate, unconstrained damping cantilever plate and constrained damping cantilever plate are brought into comparison, which shows that the constrained damping structure can effectively suppress the vibration.