Ni-M/SiO2催化1,4-丁炔二醇加氢的金属助剂效应

以SiO₂气凝胶为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了Ni/SiO₂及不同金属助剂改性的Ni-M/SiO₂（M=Fe、Co、Cu）催化剂,利用ICP、BET、XRD、H₂-TPR、H₂-TPD等手段对催化剂进行了表征,考察了不同第二金属对催化剂结构与1,4-丁炔二醇加氢性能的影响.结果表明,第二金属与Ni物种具有不同程度的双金属协同效应,其中Cu的加入不仅能够提高Ni活性物种的分散度,而且Ni-Cu双金属间的相互作用改善了NiO物种的还原性能及氢活化能力,有利于氢和1,4-丁炔二醇在活性位点的快速转化.在反应温度50℃,氢压1 MPa,反应时间3 h的加氢评价条件下,15Ni5Cu/SiO₂催化剂不仅可以实现1,4-丁炔二醇的完全转化,而且能够有效降低难分离副产物2-羟基四氢呋喃的含量,具有最优的加氢活性和对1,4-丁烯二醇的选择性.     

Characterization of Chickpea Flour by Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

Near infrared (NIR) spectrometry was used for the rapid characterization of quality parameters in desi chickpea flour (besan). Partial least square regression, principal component regression (PCR), interval partial least squares (iPLS), and synergy interval partial least squares (siPLS) were used to determine the protein, carbohydrate, fat, and moisture concentrations of besan. Spectra were collected in reflectance mode using a lab-built predispersive filter-based instrument from 700 to 2500?nm. The quality parameters were also determined by standard methods. The root mean square error (RMSE) for the calibration and validation sets was used to evaluate the performance of the models. The correlation coefficients for moisture, fat, protein, and carbohydrates in chickpea flour exceeded 0.96 using PLS and PCR models using the full spectral range. Wavelengths from 2100 to 2345?nm had the lowest RMSE for quality parameters by iPLS. The error was further decreased by 0.41, 0.1, and 1.1% for carbohydrates, fats, and proteins by siPLS. The NIR spectral regions yielding the lowest RMSE of prediction were 1620–2345?nm for carbohydrates, 1180–1590?nm and 1860–2094?nm for fat, and 1700–2345?nm for proteins. The study shows that chickpea flour quality parameters were accurately determined using the optimized wavelengths.     

我国人口城市化与房地产发展协调研究

分析了我国人口城市化与房地产市场的关系,利用相关分析、因果分析、脉冲和方差分析,发现人口城市化率短期内受房地产市场影响较大,长期内房地产市场要受人口城市化速度的影响;研究了人口系统与房地产系统的熵流关系,利用静态和动态协调度定量分析,发现两个系统取得了较好协调发展效果,但未来协同效应存在下降的可能.     

The population‐level impact of HBV and its vaccination on HIV transmission dynamics

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and its vaccination strategy may affect human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission dynamics because both viruses have synergistic effects. To quantitatively assess the potential impact of HBV and its vaccination strategy on HIV transmission dynamics at the population level, in this paper, we formulate a deterministic compartmental model that describes the joint dynamics of HBV and HIV. We first derive the explicit expressions for the basic reproduction numbers of HIV and HBV and analyze the dynamics of HIV and HBV subsystems, respectively. Then a systematic qualitative analysis of the full system is also provided, which includes the local and global behavior. By using a set of reasonable parameter values, the full system is numerically investigated to assess the potential impact of HBV and its vaccination strategy on HIV transmission. The direct and indirect population level impact of HBV on HIV is demonstrated by calculating the fraction of HIV infections attributable to HBV and the difference between HIV prevalence in the presence and absence of HBV, respectively. The findings imply that the increase of HBV vaccination rate may unusually accelerate HIV epidemics indirectly, although the direct effect of HBV on HIV transmission decreases as HBV vaccination rate increases. Finally, the potential impact of HIV on HBV transmission dynamics is investigated by way of parenthesis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于投影寻踪分类模型的高管团队战略协同分析

着眼于企业高管团队战略协同系统所蕴含的学术与实践价值,研究系统效能重于高管团队自身的作为,关注系统优化则更重于传统模式下高管团队的内部建设.本文首先探究了高管团队与企业战略的协同机理;然后将基于实码加速遗传算法的投影寻踪分类模型技术引入子系统及子系统序参量的权重计算和有序度评价,提出了新的协同度评价方法,建立了高管团队的战略协同度评价模型;应用该模型对S企业进行了实例研究,印证了模型的可操作性.企业高管团队的战略协同度评价结果有助于识别具体企业高管团队战略协同进程中的制约要素,从而有针对性地提出优化对策.     

基于Vague集距离与灰色关联的区域产业技术供需协同发展评价研究

技术供需有效协同是实现产业中高端发展的重要驱动,本文综合考虑产业技术供需子系统发展水平、供需子系统间耦合作用及协同效应等因素,将Vague集相似性度量与距离协同模型结合,运用灰色关联分析计算技术供需子系统间的灰色关联度,建立了基于Vague集距离与灰色关联的区域高技术产业技术供需复合系统的综合协同发展模型,并利用该模型对2009年至2016年京津冀地区高技术产业技术供需协同水平数据进行了实证分析。实证分析结果表明,京津冀地区技术供需协同发展处于高协同低发展阶段,综合协同发展水平增速缓慢;供需子系统间相互作用关系显著;北京和天津的技术供给发展较快,需求相对不足,而河北需求旺盛,但供给不足。因此,兼顾技术供需高质量发展与区域技术供需协同匹配是创新引领产业发展的有效路径。     

H-MCM-22沸石分子筛中Brnsted/Lewis酸协同效应的~1H 和~(27)Al双量子魔角旋转固体核磁共振研究

采用各种固体核磁共振 (NMR) 技术详细研究了 H-MCM-22 分子筛中 Brnsted/Lewis 酸的协同效应. 二维 1H 双量子魔角旋转 (DQ-MAS) NMR 结果表明, 在脱铝 H-MCM-22 分子筛中 Brnsted 酸位 (骨架桥式羟基) 和 Lewis 酸位 (非骨架铝羟基) 之间是空间邻近的, 暗示着可能存在 B/L 酸协同效应. 二维 27Al DQ-MAS NMR 结果揭示了各种铝物种之间的空间邻近性, 表明 B/L 酸协同效应优先发生在 H-MCM-22 分子筛超笼中的骨架 T6 位铝和非骨架铝物种之间. 2-13C-丙酮探针分子实验发现, 因 B/L 酸协同效应而导致脱铝 H-MCM-22 分子筛酸性明显增强, 氘代吡啶探针分子实验也证实在 H-MCM-22 分子筛的超笼中发生了 B/L 酸协同效应. 上述结果将有助于我们理解在脱铝 H-MCM-22 分子筛上发生的多相催化机理.     

Engineering Platinum–Oxygen Dual Catalytic Sites via Charge Transfer towards Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution

A dual‐site catalyst allows for a synergetic reaction in the close proximity to enhance catalysis. It is highly desirable to create dual‐site interfaces in single‐atom system to maximize the effect. Herein, we report a cation‐deficient electrostatic anchorage route to fabricate an atomically dispersed platinum–titania catalyst (Pt₁^O1/Ti_1?xO₂), which shows greatly enhanced hydrogen evolution activity, surpassing that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst in mass by a factor of 53.2. Operando techniques and density functional calculations reveal that Pt₁^O1/Ti_1?xO₂ experiences a Pt?O dual‐site catalytic pathway, where the inherent charge transfer within the dual sites encourages the jointly coupling protons and plays the key role during the Volmer–Tafel process. There is almost no decay in the activity of Pt₁^O1/Ti_1?xO₂ over 300 000 cycles, meaning 30 times of enhancement in stability compared to the commercial Pt/C catalysts (10 000 cycles).     

Additive telluromolybdates. Structure and catalysis in oxidation

Additive telluromolybdates, MoO₃·2TeO₂ and M^IIO·TeO₂·MoO₃ (M^IITeMoO₆; M^II = Co, Mn, Zn), converted ethyl lactate selectively to pyruvate in a vaporphase fixedbed flow system at 250–300 °C. A synergy in activity was observed for binary TeO₂–MoO₃, and crystalline Te₂MoO₇ was suggested as the active species. The Rietveld analysis of powder XRD patterns of ternary CoTeMoO₆ revealed the layer structure quite different from that of the reference Te₂MoO₇, but tellurium was again located adjacent to molybdenum linked through lattice oxygen.