全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1215篇 |
免费 | 93篇 |
国内免费 | 106篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1352篇 |
晶体学 | 2篇 |
力学 | 9篇 |
综合类 | 6篇 |
数学 | 1篇 |
物理学 | 44篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 10篇 |
2021年 | 29篇 |
2020年 | 17篇 |
2019年 | 29篇 |
2018年 | 38篇 |
2017年 | 26篇 |
2016年 | 45篇 |
2015年 | 35篇 |
2014年 | 61篇 |
2013年 | 164篇 |
2012年 | 68篇 |
2011年 | 51篇 |
2010年 | 48篇 |
2009年 | 66篇 |
2008年 | 61篇 |
2007年 | 88篇 |
2006年 | 70篇 |
2005年 | 65篇 |
2004年 | 83篇 |
2003年 | 55篇 |
2002年 | 30篇 |
2001年 | 27篇 |
2000年 | 26篇 |
1999年 | 33篇 |
1998年 | 32篇 |
1997年 | 25篇 |
1996年 | 24篇 |
1995年 | 21篇 |
1994年 | 15篇 |
1993年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 15篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1414条查询结果,搜索用时 13 毫秒
61.
62.
Dr. Yunyi Gao Jiahui Chen Tong Zhang Jennifer E. S. Szymanowski Prof. Dr. Peter C. Burns Prof. Dr. Tianbo Liu 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,25(69):15741-15745
An interesting phenomenon is reported when uranyl peroxide nanoclusters U60 (Li48+mK12(OH)m[UO2(O2)(OH)]60 (H2O)n, m≈20 and n≈310) interact with a small number of cationic surfactant molecules. Cationic surfactant molecules do not distribute evenly around the U60 clusters during the interaction as expected. Instead, a small fraction of U60 clusters attract almost all the surfactant molecules, leading to the self-assembly into supramolecular structures by using surfactant–U60 complexes as building locks, and later further aggregate and precipitate based on hydrophobic interaction, whereas the rest of the clusters remained unbounded soluble macroions in bulk dispersion. This phenomenon nicely demonstrates a unique feature of macroion solutions. Considering that Debye–Hückel approximation is no longer valid in such solutions, the competition between the local electrostatic interaction and hydrophobic interaction becomes important to regulate the solution behaviors of macroions. 相似文献
63.
64.
Birendra Kumar Deepti Tikariha M. L. Satnami Nadia Barbero Pierluigi Quagliotto Kallol K. Ghosh 《Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry》2014,27(7):613-621
The catalytic hydrolysis of bis(4‐nitrophenyl)phosphate (BNPP) and bis(2,4‐dinitrophenyl)phosphate (BDNPP) catalyzed by α‐nucleophiles in gemini micellar media was investigated at 27 °C. The cationic gemini surfactants, i.e., alkanediyl‐α‐ω‐bis(hydroxyethylmethylhexadecylammonium bromide) (16‐s‐16 MEA 2Br?, where s = 4 and 6) were used. Nucleophilic reactivity of α‐nucleophiles such as hydroperoxide (HOO?), acetohydroxamate (AHA?), and butane 2,3‐dione monoximate ions (BDMO?) were compared. The kinetic rate data were treated by applying the pseudophase model. The cationic gemini surfactants show unusual rate acceleration toward the cleavage of phosphodiesters with nucleophiles. These studies reveal that the hydroperoxide ion shows the highest catalytic activity reported so far with an unprecedented acceleration rate, 107 times faster than that of the uncatalyzed reaction. The possible mechanism for the BNPP and BDNPP cleavage promoted by α‐nucleophiles is proposed on the basis of kinetic analysis. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
65.
66.
The viscosity of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) solution with or without an additive has been measured continuously as a function of temperature with the help of a vibro-viscometer. The viscosity of the polymer solution showed a gradual decrease initially with increase in temperature until a particular point beyond which there was a sharp decrease in the viscosity, which coincided with the clouding of the solution. The cloud point temperature (CP) of the polymer solution was determined from the first derivative plot of viscosity vs. temperature. Effect of addition of an electrolyte or a surfactant on the CP of HPC solution has also been studied. While a decrease in CP of HPC solution in presence of fluoride, chloride, or bromide ions was observed, presence of iodide or thiocyanide ions led to an increase in the CP. However, presence of an ionic surfactant initially lowered the CP but beyond a particular surfactant concentration a sharp increase in cloud point was observed due to interaction of the surfactant with the polymer. The results suggest that surfactants with longer hydrophobic tail or more hydrophobic groups have more affinity for HPC. 相似文献
67.
A series of novel silicone modified polyurethane (Si-PU) surfactants were successfully synthesized by using hydroxypropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (HPMS), polyethylene glycol (PEG), dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA) and isophoronediisocyanate (IPDI). The chemical structure of the surfactant was confirmed by FTIR and 1H-NMR. TEM photographs showed that the micelles of the Si-PU surfactants dispersed in aqueous solution were spherical with the particle size in the range of 100–400 nm. Surface tension measurements indicated that these surfactants had low surface tension to 29.9 mN·m?1and a definite critical micelle concentration to, approximately 5.0×10?4–7.5×10?4mol·L?1. When the content of HPMS was 20 wt%, the surfactant's, emulsifying performance was superior to the traditionally available Span80/Tween80 mixed emulsifiers. In addition to that, no phase transition temperature was detected from 20°C to 90°C by fluorescence probe and DSC measurements, confirming the high thermal stability of the micelles. 相似文献
68.
Bijay K. Mishra Partha Mukherjee Sukalyan Dash Sabita Patel Hari N. Pati 《合成通讯》2013,43(14):2529-2539
Some monomeric and dimeric surfactants with functional head groups have been synthesized from di- and triethanolamine synthons. The treatment of alkyl bromide with triethanolamine resulted in simultaneous N-alkylation and O-alkylation products. However, with diethanolamine, N-alkylated products were obtained, which were further used to synthesize various double-tailed surfactants and gemini surfactants. 相似文献
69.
70.
A simple, mild, and ecofriendly method has been developed for the synthesis of 3-vinylchromones from 4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-3-carboxaldehyde (3-formylchromone) by simple Knoevenagel condensation with various active methylene compounds (AMC) in aqueous micellar media in the presence of catalytic amounts of cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO). In the case of malonic acid as AMC, the reaction resulted in formation of only Doebner decarboxylated products under the standard reaction condition. It has been also observed that 3-formylchromone derivatives primarily undergo tandem Knoevenagel and Michael reactions in the presence of > 2 equiv. of ethyl acetoacetate to produce benzophenone derivatives, by opening of pyran ring, as the sole product in good yields. 相似文献