Evaluation of holographic emulsion movement using phase difference amplification

A real-time holographic interferometry technique is typically used in the evaluation of aberrations caused by movement of the photographic emulsion. However, this technique is insufficiently accurate when an emulsion, with strain which has been released prior to exposure, is used. A proposed solution is based on the difference amplification method, which uses the higher diffraction orders of a non-linearly recorded hologram.     

扩展光源照明的双光栅系统滤波狭缝对成象莫尔条纹的作用与影响

本文用衍射理论定量分析了扩展光源照明的双光栅系统中滤波狭缝对成象莫尔条纹形成的影响及作用,给出了狭缝的面内及离面位移量与条纹手移量及倾斜角间的关系.     

Measurements of surface coordinates and slopes by shearography

This paper represents an optical method which is based on speckle-shearing interferometry for the measurement of surface coordinates and slopes. The technique enables generation of carrier fringes which measure surface coordinates, or displacement derivative fringes which measure surface slope. The theory of the method as well as some experimental results are presented.     

Automatic refractive index profiling of fibers by phase analysis method using Fourier transform

Automatic fringe pattern analysis is a powerful and inexpensive digital image-processing technique. It is used to analyze the fringe pattern obtained by different optical techniques, such as multiple-beam Fizeau fringes. To perform accurate and fast automatic measurement of fiber refractive index profile, phase analysis method has been used with the Fourier transform technique. In this paper, the refractive index profiles of polyethylene fibers with different draw ratios are presented by two methods, fringe shift method and phase analysis method. A comparison between the results obtained is presented.     

Flat field spectrograph using convex holographic diffraction grating and concave mirror

In this paper we have discussed the aberration properties and the design procedure of a spectrograph which uses a convex holographic grating as the dispersing element and a concave mirror as the focusing element. Both the concave mirror and the convex grating have common axis and they are concentric. The grating is constructed by recording the interference fringes on the convex surface which are formed by two convergent light beams incident from opposite sides of the axis. The illuminating source of the spectrograph is located on a plane perpendicular to the axis and passing through the common centre. It has been found that under certain conditions both positive and negative order spectra are perfectly focused on this plane. Aberration properties of the zero order image as well as the positive and the negative order spectral images have been studied by actual ray tracing. Using this system, design parameters of a medium-sized spectrograph having moderate dispersion and good resolution throughout theuv-visible region of the spectrum have been specified. The performance of the spectrograph has been evaluated by plotting spot diagram. The authors felicitate Prof. D S Kothari on his eightieth birthday and dedicate this paper to him on this occasion.     

Comparison of two filament lamps by difference hologram interferometry

Total bulb fill pressure and density changes inside incandescent lamps can be studied by holographic interferometry. The main drawback stems from the fact that such techniques only provide information concerning the integral refractive index changes in response to a given electrical load. Difference hologram interferometry results in a direct comparison of any one of the large volume production lamps with a master lamp. A short discussion of the technique is presented and its experimental application is described where the difference interferogram is evaluated automatically.     

The application of the refractive fringe diagnostic to shocks in air

A review of the refractive fringe diagnostic is presented. A modified de Laval nozzle is used to produce shocks in air, which are transversely probed using a low power HeNe laser. The refractive fringes recorded on film at different imaging distances are analysed using a video digitization technique. Both strong and weak density profiles are deduced.     

Bestimmung des Cadmiums (Pb, Tl, Cu) neben Indium in tensidhaltigen Grundl?sungen von Polyaminocarbons?uren mit Hilfe der differentiellen Pulse-Polarographie

Zusammenfassung Die differentielle pulse-polarographische Bestimmung des Cd (Pb, Tl, Cu) neben hohen Gehalten an Indium ist in Grundlösungen von Polyaminocarbonsäuren in Anwesenheit von Tensiden möglich. In einer Lösung von 0,1 M HCl, 0,003 M EDTA und 0,005% Phemerol können 1 · 10^–7 M Cd neben 5 · 10^–3 M In bestimmt werden.

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Determination of Cadmium (Pb, Tl, Cu) in the presence of indium in supporting solutions of polyaminocarboxylic acids containing surfactants by differential-pulse polarography

Summary The differential pulse polarographic determination of Cd (Pb, Tl, Cu) in the presence of a high excess of indium is possible in supporting solutions of polyaminocarboxylic acids after addition of surfactants. In a solution of 0.1 M HCl, 0.003 M EDTA and 0.005% phemerol, 2×10^–7 M Cd can be determined in the presence of 10^–3 M In.

Der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft und dem Verband der Chemischen Industrie danken wir für die Bereitstellung von Sachmitteln.     

Refractive index profiling across a candle flame using speckle techniques

Refractive index profiles have been obtained at different heights in the region above a candle flame both theoretically and experimentally by means of double and multiple exposure speckle photography. Improved fringe visibility has been achieved in the case of the multiple exposure technique giving rise to accurate measurement of the refractive index. Theoretical analysis shows that the resulting speckle pattern is equivalent to the ordinary pattern convolved with a function representing the effect of light deflection, while the interference pattern obtained is modulated by a background representing the autocorrelation function of the diffuser.