Development of Polarized HD Target for Future LEPS Experiments at Spring-8

We are carrying out hadron photoproduction experiments by using polarized photon beams at SPring-8 in Japan.In 2005,we started developing a polarized HD target for future experiments using both the polarized photon beams and the polarized target.The polarized HD target is an idealistic target for experiments observing reactions with small cross sections because the HD does not include heavy nuclei which produce many background events.The measurement of double polarization asymmetries is expected to give much important information to investigate the nucleon hidden structure,hadron photoproduction dynamics,and exotic hadron property.We report on the present status of the development of the polarized HD target al RCNP.     

太阳系的元素丰度分布与AGB星慢中子俘获元素

通过对AGB星演化模型的理论计算结果和51颗AGB星的观测丰度进行重新分析,发现任何AGB星与慢中子俘获过程(s过程)主要分量对应的重元素(简称SMH元素)丰度分布都与对应的太阳系s过程主要分量的元素丰度分布相似,这表明,任意AGB星SMH元素丰度分布的迭加结果与对应的太阳系s过程主要分量的元素丰度分布相似,由此得出结论:太阳系s过程主要分量的重元素丰度分布模式是一个典型的模式,可以作为标准用于单星重元素丰度的研究.     

贫金属星的中子俘获元素

利用分量系数公式并结合太阳系元素丰度的最新数据,计算了6?4颗贫金属星的中子俘获元素丰度.结果显示,快中子俘获过程(r过程)是贫金属星中子俘获元素的主要来源,且金属丰度小于–2.5的贫金属星的重中子俘获元素产量可能来自于纯r过程;重中子俘获元素与轻中子俘获元素来自于不同的天体物理场所     

相对论性核碰撞中φ介子增强

用强子和弦级联模型LUCIAE系统地研究了相对论性p+p和Pb+Pb碰撞中φ介子产生.在模型框架内实验测得的158AGeV/cPb+Pb碰撞中φ介子产额相对于同能量p+p碰撞的增强现象,依赖于弦发射胶子的集体效应和奇异夸克压低约化两机制,在一定程度内能得到解释.     

Isotope Studies of Hydrogen and Oxygen in Ground Ice - Experiences with the Equilibration Technique

Abstract

Equilibration technique suitable for a large amount ofsamples is described for hydrogen and oxygen isotope analyses of ground ice, especially ice wedges, including the sampling strategy and the analytical procedure as well as the calibration of the Finnigan MAT Delta-S mass spectrometer in June, 1999. Since for future analyses of ice wedges, a higher sampling resolution with limited sample volume is required, the limit of the equliibration technique for small water samples size of between 0.05 and 5 ml was checked. For water samples smaller than 1ml, corresponding to a molar ratio [H₂O]/[H₂] of smaller than 0.994, a balance correction has to be applied. The experimental errors due to partial evaporation during evacuation, the balance calcultion of the isotope equilibration process, the linearity as well as memory effects of the mass spectrometer for smaples with large differences in δ¹⁸O and δD are tackled in this paper. In the polar regions of Northern Siberia without Late Pleistocene and Holocene glaciation, ground ice is used as an archive for paleoclimate studies. First results of stable isotope measurements on ice wedges clearly show a shift towards heavier isotopes and thus warmer winter temperatures as well as a change in the source of the precipitation between Late Pleistocene and Holocene. These results indicate the high potential of ground ice for paleoclimate studies.     

Sulphur and Oxygen Isotopes in Sulphates in Natural Waters: (1) Surface Waters of Relatively Unpolluted Terrains

Abstract

The paper presents a whole-year study (1990) of an unique area in S-E Poland with numerous small rivers and streams carrying clean waters. We report the results of δ¹⁸O of waters and δ³⁴S of the sulphates sampled 4 times in 1990 from 20 rivers of the study area. The observations clearly show the impact of biological activity on the oxygen and sulphur isotopic compositions in sulphates. Attempts have been made to interpret the correlation between δ³⁴S and δ¹⁸O in sulphates. The highest correlation coefficient has been noticed for samples collected in April, whereas the lowest in August. The conclusion of this study is that the river sulphates are predominantly produced outside the river environment. We have distinguished three major sources of sulphates: (1) ones produced in the aquifer from which waters are discharged, (2) those produced in soils and marshes of forest environment, and (3) ones on anthropogenic origin.     

Soil δ15N patterns in old-growth forests of southern Chile as integrator for N-cycling

Old-growth forests of southern Chile represent an important reserve of temperate (rain) forests in the world. Wetter and colder forest ecosystems appear to be more efficient in conserving and recycling N such that mostly non-plant available N species are lost, which could be indicated by more depleted δ¹⁵N values of the soil and plants. Hydrological N loss from the old-growth forests in southern Chile occurs mainly via dissolved organic nitrogen and not via dissolved inorganic N. Forest disturbances (e.g. fire, clear-cutting or enhanced N deposition) cause (abrupt) changes in ecosystem N-cycling processes. In this study, we hypothesized that δ¹⁵N signatures of soil profiles under old-growth forests could be used as an integrator for ecosystem N-cycling, and changes of these δ¹⁵N profiles could be valuable to assess ecosystem resilience towards disturbances. Six old-growth forests were selected in the phytogeographical region of the Valdivian rain forest in southern Chile. One of the sites has been partly burned in February 2002. First, we observed that ecosystems with higher mean annual precipitation and lower mean annual temperature were relatively more depleted in ¹⁵N. Secondly, we found that a forest fire caused a 100-fold increase of the nitrate export and induced an enrichment of the soil δ¹⁵N signal in the upper 20 cm.     

Aus der Praxis Erste Ergebnisse zur On-line-Schnellextraktion mit Kronenethern bei kernchemischen Experimenten

Im Zusammenhang mit on-line-Bestrahlungsexperimenten har sich vor allem die He-Jet-Technik einen festen Platz erobert [1- 5], der nicht in Frage gestellt werden soll. Unge- uchtet dessen erseheint es zweekmäßig, ergänzend Techniken zu entwickeln, die ausschließlich auf Verwendung von flüsigen Phasen basieren. Das erlaubt es, die vielfältigen Möglichkeiten zu nutzen, welehe die Chemie in Lösungen für Trenn- und Anreicherungsaufgaben bietet. Dabei wird von der Grundannahme ausgegangen, daß bezüglich der Transportgeschwindigkeit die entsprechenden Parameter der Gas-Jet-Technik durch rein flüssige Varianten bestenfalls erreicht jedoch kaum übertroffen werden können. In der zur Verfügung stehenden Literatur wurde lediglich von Aronsson u. a. 1973 ein System beschrieben, wo in einer n, γ-Reaktion eine Lösung direkt bestrahlt wird [6], dieses findet sich jedoch in der späteren Literatur nicht wieder.

Die hier darzulegenden Ergebnisse stellen erste Experimente zur direkten Bestrablung einer Lösung mit beschleunigten Ionen dar. Sie sollen in letzter Konsequenz der Erarbeitung einer Experimentiervariante     

Natural abundance (17)O NMR spectroscopy of rat brain in vivo

Oxygen is an abundant element that is present in almost all biologically relevant molecules. NMR observation of oxygen has been relatively limited since the NMR-active isotope, oxygen-17, is only present at a 0.037% natural abundance. Furthermore, as a spin 5/2 nucleus oxygen-17 has a moderately strong quadrupole moment which leads to fairly broad resonances (T(2)=1-4 ms). However, the similarly short T(1) relaxation constants allow substantial signal averaging, whereas the large chemical shift range (>300 ppm) improves the spectral resolution of (17)O NMR. Here it is shown that high-quality, natural abundance (17)O NMR spectra can be obtained from rat brain in vivo at 11.74 T. The chemical shifts and line widths of more than 20 oxygen-containing metabolites are established and the sensitivity and potential for (17)O-enriched NMR studies are estimated.     

Natural-abundance 15N--13C correlation spectra of vitamin B-12

Two-dimensional nitrogen-carbon NMR correlation spectra have been derived by a new reconstruction technique based on standard two-dimensional HMQC and HMBC spectra, and operating with natural 15N and 13C isotopic abundances. Compared with conventional three-dimensional spectroscopy in which 15N and 13C spins must be present in the same molecule, the reconstruction method offers two orders of magnitude improvement in sensitivity. Vitamin B-12 serves as an illustrative example.