离散系统通用动力学方程求解算法的研究进展

离散系统中的颗粒物在凝并、破碎、冷凝/蒸发、成核、沉积等事件作用下颗粒尺度分布的时间演变由通用动力学方程所描述.该方程为一典型的部分积分微分方程,普通数值方法难以求解.本文详细介绍了求解通用动力学方程的矩方法、分区法、离散法、离散-分区法、MonteCarlo方法等几种算法的原理、优缺点和最新的研究进展,并着重介绍了MonteCarlo算法,包括基于时间驱动Monte Carlo方法、基于事件驱动MonteCarlo方法、常数目法、常体积法以及多重Monte Carlo算法.      

Quantum‐Assisted Metrology of Neutral Vitamins in the Gas Phase

It has recently been shown that matter‐wave interferometry can be used to imprint a periodic nanostructure onto a molecular beam, which provides a highly sensitive tool for beam displacement measurements. Herein, we used this feature to measure electronic properties of provitamin A, vitamin E, and vitamin K1 in the gas phase for the first time. The shift of the matter‐wave fringes in a static electric field encodes the molecular susceptibility and the time‐averaged dynamic electric dipole moment. The dependence of the fringe pattern on the intensity of the central light‐wave diffraction grating was used to determine the molecular optical polarizability. Comparison of our experimental findings with molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory provides a rich picture of the electronic structures and dynamics of these biomolecules in the gas phase with β‐carotene as a particularly interesting example.     

Graph dynamical networks for forecasting collective behavior of active matter

After decades of theoretical studies, the rich phase states of active matter and cluster kinetic processes are still of research interest. How to efficiently calculate the dynamical processes under their complex conditions becomes an open problem. Recently, machine learning methods have been proposed to predict the degree of coherence of active matter systems. In this way, the phase transition process of the system is quantified and studied. In this paper, we use graph network as a powerful model to determine the evolution of active matter with variable individual velocities solely based on the initial position and state of the particles. The graph network accurately predicts the order parameters of the system in different scale models with different individual velocities, noise and density to effectively evaluate the effect of diverse condition. Compared with the classical physical deduction method, we demonstrate that graph network prediction is excellent, which could save significantly computing resources and time. In addition to active matter, our method can be applied widely to other large-scale physical systems.     

Neutron-induced nuclear recoil background in the PandaX-4T experiment

Neutron-induced nuclear recoil background is critical to dark matter searches in the PandaX-4T liquid xenon experiment. In this study, we investigate the features of neutron background in liquid xenon and evaluate its contribution in single scattering nuclear recoil events using three methods. The first method is fully based on Monte Carlo simulations. The last two are data-driven methods that also use multiple scattering signals and high energy signals in the data. In the PandaX-4T commissioning data with an exposure of 0.63 tonne-year, all these methods give a consistent result, i.e., there are begin{document}$ 1.15pm0.57 $end{document} neutron-induced backgrounds in the dark matter signal region within an approximated nuclear recoil energy window between 5 and 100 keV.     

中学化学物质结构实物模型研究述评——基于近10年Journal of Chemical Education载文的研究

物质结构实物模型可以把微观现象宏观化、抽象事物具体化,提高学生的模型认知水平和建模能力。针对国内物质结构实物模型存在样式单一、成本较高等不足,基于近10年Journal of Chemical Education载文的研究,介绍了研究者开发的多种新颖、实用的实物模型。常见的思路和方法有利用生活中的材料拼接,或利用3D打印技术制作,甚至可以直接借助已有实物模型。这些方法以生活化的材料降低模型的制作成本,以模块化的设计给予学生创新的空间,以跨学科的理念发展学生的综合能力,以期为我国中学化学物质结构的教学及其研究提供借鉴和启示。     

Active,self-motile,and driven emulsions

In this review, we focus on recent experiments involving transport and other dynamical aspects of emulsified droplets under nonequilibrium conditions. We include both active emulsions, where individual droplets develop self-propulsion or self-sustained motion at the expense of local energy sources, and driven emulsions, where droplets are activated through the local transduction of an external source. A common theme in the reported scenarios is the use of hybrid colloidal systems, where emulsions and liquid crystals are interfaced, providing with a rich scenario that features phenomena and mechanisms not found in traditional emulsions.     

Alginic Acid from Padina boryana Abate Particulate Matter-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Keratinocytes and Dermal Fibroblasts

Particulate matter (PM) is a significant participant in air pollution and is hence an inducer of serious health issues. This study aimed to evaluate the dust protective effects of alginate from Padina boryana (PBA) via inflammatory-associated pathways to develop anti-fine dust skincare products. In between the external and internal environments, the skin is considered to be more than a physical barrier. It was observed that PM stimulates inflammation in the skin via activating NF-κB and MAPK pathways. The potential of PBA to inhibit the studied pathways were evident. The metal ion content of PM was considerably reduced by PBA and thus attributed to its chelation ability. Current research demonstrated the potential of P. boryana alginates to be implemented as a protective barrier against inflammation imposed with heavy metal and bacterial-derived endotoxin bound to the surface of the PM. Concisely, the results suggest that the bioactive components derived from the brown algae Padina boryana increased the cellular resistance to PM-stimulated inflammation-driven skin damage.     

Search for spontaneous transition of nuclei to a superdense state

We report the results of an experimental search for spontaneous transition of nuclei from ordinary to superdense state in NaI(Tl). New limits on the superdense-state parameters are presented.     

Regularization of singular terms in the N¯ potential model

We suggest a method of singular terms regularization in a potential model of the N¯ interaction. This method is free from uncertainties related to the usual cut-off procedure and is based on the fact that, in the presence of sufficiently strong short-range annihilation, N and ¯ never approach close enough to each other. In such a case the low-energy scattering is shown to be fully determined by the OBEP tail, while any details of the short-range core of the N¯ interaction are excluded from the observables. The obtained results for S- and P-wave scattering lengths are in agreement with the well-established theoretical models.     

The spacetime associated with galactic dark matter halos

We show how an adequate post-Newtonian generalization can be obtained for Newtonian dark matter halos associated with an empiric density profile. Applying this approach to halos that follow from the well known numerical simulations of Navarro, Frenk and White (NFW), we derive all dynamical variables and show that NFW halos approximately follow an ideal gas type of equation of state which fits very well to a polytropic relation in the region outside the core. This fact suggests that outer regions of NFW halos might be related to equilibrium states in the non-extensive Statistical Mechanics formalism proposed by Tsallis.