Ni/ZrO2催化剂上甲烷水蒸气重整反应的研究

研究了Ni/ZrO2催化剂对甲烷水蒸气重整制合成气的反应性能。考察了催化剂的还原温度、载体焙烧温度以及反应温度、原料配比和空速等对催化剂性能的影响。利用XRD、TEM、XPS等手段对催化剂的织构形貌进行了表征。研究表明，Ni/ZrO2催化剂用于甲烷水蒸气重整制合成气不仅具有较高的活性，也具有较好的稳定性。水蒸气比增加，CH4转化率增大、CO选择性下降。CH4转化率及CO选择性均随空速增大而下降。使用10%Ni/ZrO2催化剂，在650 ℃、空速1.984×104 h－1、原料气配比H2O∶CH4∶N2=2∶1∶2.67的条件下，获得CH4转化率85%、CO选择性70%的结果。     

水蒸气处理对HZSM-5分子筛催化剂的酸性及孔结构的影响

通过XRD，NH3-TPD，IR，比表面与孔结构测定等方法，研究了HZSM-5分子筛（硅铝比为38）在不同温度下进行水热处理时的酸性与孔结构。结果表明，随着水热处理温度的提高，HZSM-5分子筛的结晶度稍有增大；酸性明显减弱，弱酸位增多，强酸位相对减少；IR谱图上有一定的蓝移；比表面与微孔体积减小，介孔体积增大。     

EFFECTS OF PROMOTERS ON CATALYTIC PERFORMANCE OF Pt-Sn/MgAl2O4 CATALYST FOR PROPANE DEHYDROGENATION IN THE PRESENCE OF STEAM

IntroductionCatal}-tiedch}-drogcnationoflightalkancshasgreatindustrialimportancebecauseitrcprcscntsanalternativeforobtainingalkcncsforpci}.mcriZationandotherorganics}'nthcscsfromlot"costsaturatedh}'drocarbonfeedstocks.SomeprocessessuchasCATOFIN.OLEFLEX.Ph…     

催化剂Ni/Y2O3上低温乙醇水蒸气重整制氢研究——氢气预还原对催化剂性能的影响

用浸渍－热分解－氢还原法(IHDHR)和浸渍－热分解法(IHD)分别制备了两种纳米尺寸的Ni/Y2O3催化剂，并应用X-光电子能谱、X-射线衍射、BET比表面测试等分析技术对两种催化剂的结构进行了表征和比较。采用固定床反应器对两种催化剂的催化性能进行实验测试。结果表明，氢气预还原与否对该纳米Ni/Y2O3催化剂的催化性能有一定的影响，经过氢气预还原的催化剂对低温乙醇水蒸气重整反应表现出较高的活性和稳定性，250?℃时，乙醇的转化率达到81.9%；320 ℃时，乙醇的转化率达到95.3%，对氢气的选择性为53.6%。对经过氢预还原的Ni/Y2O3催化剂进行了60 h的稳定性测试。     

Effect of inhibitors released during steam-explosion pretreatment of barley straw on enzymatic hydrolysis

The influence of the liquid fraction (prehydrolysate) generated during steam-explosion pretreatment (210°C, 15 min) of barley straw on the enzymatic hydrolysis was determined. Prehydrolysate was analyzed for degradation compounds and sugars' content and used as a medium for enzymatic hydrolysis tests after pH adjusting to 4.8. Our results show that the presence of the compounds contained in the prehydrolysate strongly affects the hydrolysis step (a 25% decrease in cellulose conversion compared with control). Sugars are shown to be more potent inhibitors of enzymatic hydrolysis than degradation products.     

甲醇水蒸气重整制氢独立反应探讨

分析了甲醇重整氢反应可能的反应途径，分析结果表明体系中有2个独立反应，则至少应有2个动力学方程才能描述，利用平衡温距的概念，分析了WGS反应在甲醇水重整反应体系中的作用，根据在固定床反应器上的实验结果，证明变换反应不宜出现在动力学模型中，合理的动力学模型认为水蒸气重整反应和甲醇分解反应平行进行，CO和CO2同时生成。     

Initial steps in the production of H2 from ethanol: A FT-IR study of adsorbed species on Ni/MgO catalyst surface

Reactivity of pure ethanol and acetaldehyde on Ni/MgO catalyst at different reaction temperatures was investigated confirming that hydrogen production is ascribable to a series of consecutive and/or parallel reactions. FT-IR studies on adsorbed dry molecules (ethanol or acetaldehyde) showed that ethanol decomposition occurs on catalyst surface through formation of acetaldehyde, which is converted to acetates and then to carbonates, or decomposes to CO, C and H₂.     

Effect of steam on structure and mechanical properties of biomedical block copolymers

The effect of steam on the micro‐phase structure and mechanical properties of different block copolymers used in biomedical devices is investigated via FT‐IR, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Steam sterilization, commonly performed on medical devices and simulated in this work, affects the copolymers' morphology, due to high temperature and humidity conditions. FT‐IR analysis reveals that steam induces a modification in the crystalline conformations of copolymers with a pre‐existing hydrogen bonding network, that is, thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) and poly(ether‐block‐amide) (PEBA), while it does not significantly affect the domain conformation in styrenic block copolymers (SEBS), due to weak interaction with water. As a consequence, relevant changes of the mechanical properties, closely related to the microdomain structure, are found for TPU and PEBA after sterilization, while SEBS mechanical behavior remains stable, as demonstrated by tensile tests and DMA results. For this reason, SEBS is suggested as the best choice in terms of durability in biomedical applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014 , 52, 1337–1346     

基于光纤光栅传感器的过热水蒸气密度测量方法研究

密度是过热水蒸气的一个重要参数,其测量方法多种多样。针对其传统的测量方法精确度偏低、稳定性较差的问题,提出一种基于光纤光栅传感器测量过热水蒸气密度的方法。在分析光纤光栅传感器测量原理与过热水蒸气参数测量对传感器需求的基础上,对光纤光栅传感器、信号解调仪进行选型,并进行测量系统设计。通过比较多种过热水蒸气密度计算方法,选择IFC密度模型计算过热水蒸气密度。误差分析结果表明:当只考虑压力或温度影响时,光纤光栅传感系统测量误差可以分别仅为传统方法测量误差的1/6或1/3。该方法对于高精度过热水蒸气密度测量以及其他过热蒸汽密度测量具有一定的理论指导作用和推广意义。