Analysis of ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate using aqueous normal‐phase chromatography with mass spectrometry

The use of aqueous normal‐phase chromatography is explored as a possible format for the analysis of the forensically significant compounds ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate. Standard solutions of the two compounds are used to verify the retention capabilities of two stationary phases (diamond hydride and undecanoic acid). These results are then compared to data obtained on hair extracts to determine if any matrix effects exist with respect to both retention and peak shape. The undecanoic stationary phase is used for the establishment of calibration curves for quantitative analysis. These curves are utilized to determine the concentration of ethyl glucuronide in several hair samples tested.     

Comprehensive characterization of natural organic matter by MALDI- and ESI-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

Natural organic matter (NOM) is a complex and non-uniform mixture of organic compounds which plays an important role in environmental processes. Due to the complexity, it is challenging to obtain fully detailed structural information about NOM. Although Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool for providing molecular information about NOM, multiple ionization methods are needed for comprehensive characterization of NOM at the molecular level considering the ionizing selectivity of different ionization methods. This paper reports the first use of matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) method coupled with FT-ICR-MS for molecular characterization of NOM within a mass range of 200–800 Da. The mass spectral data obtained by MALDI were systematically compared with data generated by electrospray ionization (ESI). It showed that complementary molecular information about NOM which could not be detected by ESI, were provided by MALDI. More unsaturated and aromatic constituents of NOM with lower O/C ratio (O/C ratio < 0.5) were preferentially ionized in MALDI negative mode, whereas more polar constituents of NOM with higher O/C ratio were preferentially ionized in ESI negative mode. Molecular anions of NOM appearing at even m/z in MALDI negative ion mode were detected. The results show that NOM molecules with aromatic structures, moderate O/C ratio (0.7 > O/C ratio > 0.25) and lower H/C ratio were liable to form molecular anions at even m/z, whereas those with higher H/C ratio are more likely to form deprotonated ions at odd m/z. It is speculated that almost half of the NOM molecules identified by MALDI may be aromatic or condensed aromatic compounds with special groups which are liable to absorb electron from other molecules to generate free radical anions during MALDI ionization.     

高效液相色谱-同位素稀释质谱法定量分析人生长激素

建立了人生长激素( hGH)纯化分析和高效液相色谱( HPLC)与同位素稀释质谱( IDMS)联用高准确度绝对定量方法。采用快速蛋白液相色谱来分离纯化hGH,以傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱仪( FTICR-MS)准确地测定蛋白质的分子质量。纯化的hGH经酸水解后,采用KINETEX C18色谱柱为分析柱,以水(含0.1%三氟乙酸)和乙腈为流动相,等梯度分离,流速0.2 mL/min,温度40℃,采用电喷雾正离子模式进行电离,选择多反应监测模式进行检测,内标法定量分析。结果表明,FTICR-MS所测得的分子量实测值与理论值仅相差0.31 Da,脯氨酸、缬氨酸和苯丙氨酸在液相条件下5 min内达到基线分离,在最优条件下,hGH含量测定结果为186.80 mg/g,相对标准偏差为0.52%。利用本方法参加国际比对,比对结果与参考值等效一致。本方法具有简易、实用的特点,并且准确可靠,可作为hGH纯品标准物质的定值方法,为hGH的日常检测提供参考。     

水对Ni/MgAlO催化丙酮加氢的影响

研究了H2O对Ni/MgAlO催化剂上丙酮加氢为异丙醇的催化反应的影响。结果发现,在丙酮中添加少量H2O可提高丙酮转化率,但超过5%的H2O量则会显著降低催化剂活性。吸附量热结果表明,催化剂表面吸附少量H2O会明显降低异丙醇的吸附热,但对丙酮吸附热的影响较小,这也许是反应体系中少量的H2O能促进丙酮加氢活性的原因之一。当催化剂表面吸附较多H2O后,丙酮、异丙醇和H2的吸附热都降低了,因此反而抑制了丙酮的加氢反应。此外,红外光谱结果表明,预吸附水抑制了催化剂表面异丙醇脱氢生成丙酮,并抑制吸附的丙酮在表面生成烯醇盐或异丙叉丙酮等物种,这也许是少量水能促进丙酮加氢生成异丙醇的另一个重要原因。     

Combination of Solid‐Phase Micro‐Extraction and Direct Analysis in Real Time‐Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry for Sensitive and Rapid Analysis of 15 Phthalate Plasticizers in Beverages

A method for rapid identification and quantification of phthalate plasticizers in beverages was developed. A number of 15 phthalate plasticizers which covered all the phthalates concerned in the US Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA), European Union legislations and Chinese national standards (GB) were analyzed. By a combined solid‐phase micro‐extraction (SPME) and direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART‐MS) approach, phthalates at sub‐ng·mL^?1 levels can be qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed in a short time. The use of ultrahigh‐resolving power and the accurate mass measurement capacity naturally provided by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR‐MS) minimizes the matrix interferences and thus enables the evaluation of phthalates in a complex matrix without extensive sample handlings or preparations. The limits of quantification (LOQs) were estimated to be at 0.3–5.0 ng·mL^?1, lower than the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) regulated by the European Union legislations (2007/19/EC) in foods, beverages, food packaging and toys (0.3–30 ng·mL^?1). This rapid and easy‐to‐use SPME‐DART‐FT‐ICR‐MS method provided a relatively high‐throughput and powerful analytical approach for quick testing and screening phthalates in beverages and water samples to ensure food safety.     

不同产地黄芪的红外光谱鉴别研究

采用红外光谱、二阶导数红外光谱和二维相关红外光谱,对四种不同产地的黄芪原药材进行了鉴别研究。结果表明:不同产地黄芪的红外光谱和二阶导数红外谱具有一定的相似度,与淀粉的红外谱图比对,4个不同产地的黄芪均含有淀粉,其中陕西绥德产黄芪的淀粉含量比其它3个产地黄芪的都要高。山西浑源和山西天镇产黄芪谱图的1 510、1 425cm-1木质素特征峰比内蒙古固阳和陕西绥德产黄芪的更为明显,说明前二者产黄芪中木质素含量高于后二者产黄芪。在二维相关红外谱图上,根据4个产地黄芪的相对峰强度的差异,可进行产地的鉴别。研究结果表明对于不同产地黄芪的鉴别,红外三级鉴定法是一种快速有效的新方法。     

双选择体的涂覆量对手性固定相分离特性的影响

研究了涂敷量对双选择体手性固定相分离特性的影响。分别将纤维素-三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)与纤维素-三(4-甲基苯甲酸酯),直链淀粉-三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)与直链淀粉-三(4-甲基苯甲酸酯)进行共混,得到两种共混合物。以这两种共混合物为手性选择体,制备了涂覆量分别为17%及25%的四种手性固定相。评价了这些固定相的手性分离性能,结果表明:增加手性选择体的涂覆量,直链淀粉衍生物双选择体固定相的手性分离性能得到提高,而纤维素衍生物固定相的手性分离性能则稍有降低。较高涂覆量的纤维素衍生物固定相在含叔丁醇、异丁醇和正丁醇流动相中的保留因子依次减小,而其手性识别能力依次增强。     

渤海稠油及其组分中杂原子化合物的负离子电喷雾-高分辨质谱分析

采用沉淀法和色谱分离法将渤海某油田稠油分离成沥青质、胶质、剩余分3个组分。采用负离子电喷雾技术(ESI)结合高分辨傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱仪(FT-ICR MS)研究了该稠油及各组分的分子组成。结果表明,剩余分中有较少的极性杂原子化合物能被负离子ESI电离,如N_1,N_1O_1,O_1和O_2类,其等效双键数(DBE)较小。胶质和原油中极性化合物有相同的杂原子类型,包括N_1,N_1O_1,N_1O_2,N_2,N_2O_2S_1,O_1,O_2,其中胶质和原油中N_1,O_1,O_2类化合物的DBE-碳数分布图相似。沥青质中富集高缩合度且多杂原子的酸性化合物,如含杂原子N_,S的氧化程度高的化合物(N_2O_1,N_1O_3,S_1O_3)及O_3类化合物,这些物质具有较高的界面活性,易吸附在界面上促进界面张力降低和增强界面膜强度,从而有利于乳状液稳定存在。N_1O_1,N_1O_2,N_1O_3类化合物,N_2O_1类化合物可能分别是N_1化合物,N_2化合物的氧化降解产物;随着氧化降解程度增加,降解产物的极性明显增强。     

亲水作用色谱在糖类化合物分析中的应用

糖类化合物的结构和组成分析对于探究糖的结构与功能的关系具有重要作用。亲水作用色谱(HILIC)对糖类等极性化合物具有良好的分离效果。该文介绍了适合糖类分析的常用HILIC柱固定相及其分离机制,论述了强洗脱溶剂比例、流动相p H值、缓冲盐浓度和色谱柱温度对HILIC分离效果的影响,并举例说明了HILIC法在单糖组成、糖胺聚糖二糖组成、寡糖聚合度、糖苷、糖脂、糖醇以及N-/O-糖链分析中的应用。     

衍生化β-环糊精手性固定相高效液相色谱法拆分米那普仑对映体及其分离机制

建立了新型抗抑郁药米那普仑在环糊精手性固定相上的高效液相色谱拆分方法。在反相色谱条件下采用未衍生化β-环糊精(Cyclobond I 2000)、乙酰基-β-环糊精(AC-β-CD)、2,3-二甲基-β-环糊精(DM-β-CD)、3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯-β-环糊精(DMP-β-CD)4种手性柱分离米那普仑对映体。考察了固定相、流动相比例、pH、流速和柱温对拆分的影响。利用分子对接和结合能计算方法,研究米那普仑分子与AC-β-CD的对接过程,探讨其可能的分离机制。优化后的拆分条件如下:固定相为乙酰基-β-环糊精手性柱Astec CYCLOBONDTMI 2000 AC(25 cm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.1%(体积分数)pH 5.0醋酸三乙胺溶液(TEAA)(5∶95,v/v),流速为0.4mL/min,柱温为25℃,检测波长为220 nm。在此条件下,米那普仑对映体获得快速拆分,分离度(Rs)为1.74,理论塔板数为10 125。分子模拟结果表明引起手性识别的作用力主要是环糊精衍生化的乙酰基导致的氢键作用差异。该方法快速、高效、重现性好。