全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2889篇 |
免费 | 418篇 |
国内免费 | 228篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 848篇 |
晶体学 | 37篇 |
力学 | 256篇 |
综合类 | 32篇 |
数学 | 1323篇 |
物理学 | 1039篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 26篇 |
2022年 | 84篇 |
2021年 | 65篇 |
2020年 | 94篇 |
2019年 | 70篇 |
2018年 | 90篇 |
2017年 | 102篇 |
2016年 | 92篇 |
2015年 | 73篇 |
2014年 | 112篇 |
2013年 | 353篇 |
2012年 | 121篇 |
2011年 | 163篇 |
2010年 | 122篇 |
2009年 | 166篇 |
2008年 | 174篇 |
2007年 | 190篇 |
2006年 | 167篇 |
2005年 | 163篇 |
2004年 | 135篇 |
2003年 | 109篇 |
2002年 | 102篇 |
2001年 | 81篇 |
2000年 | 97篇 |
1999年 | 75篇 |
1998年 | 68篇 |
1997年 | 57篇 |
1996年 | 51篇 |
1995年 | 44篇 |
1994年 | 46篇 |
1993年 | 29篇 |
1992年 | 34篇 |
1991年 | 26篇 |
1990年 | 18篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 15篇 |
1984年 | 16篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有3535条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
B. Kummer 《Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications》1991,70(3):561-582
The paper shows that Thibault's limit sets allow an iff-characterization of local Lipschitzian invertibility in finite dimension. We consider these sets as directional derivatives and extend the calculus in a way that can be used to clarify whether critical points are strongly stable inC
1,1 optimization problems.Many fruitful discussions with colleagues D. Klatte and K. Tammer as well as with H. Th. Jongen and F. Nozicka have influenced the present investigations in a very constructive manner. For the original papers concerning the sets f(x; u), the author is indebted to Prof. L. Thibault. 相似文献
62.
Hideki Takayasu Misako Takayasu Astero Provata Greg Huber 《Journal of statistical physics》1991,65(3-4):725-745
We study a generalized aggregation process in which charged particles diffuse and coalesce randomly on a lattice. For one-dimensional and mean-field models, we show that there exists a statistically-invariant steady state when randomly charged particles are continuously injected. The steady-state charge distribution obeys a power law with the exponent depending both on the type of the injection and on the spatial dimension. The response of the system to a perturbation (i.e., relaxation) is characterized by either a power law decay (t
–
,1) or a compressed exponential decay [exp(–t
),>1]. 相似文献
63.
分析了由于化学反应-扩散-热传导耦合而导致的非等温非均匀体系中温度场对称破缺.研究结果表明,在一定的边界条件下,甚至是单组分化学反应-扩散-热传导体系,温度场的这种自组织进程也不可避免.作为温度场结构的一个范例,进一步从解析解及计算机模拟两个方面研究了小展布非等温的Lindeman模型;结果表明,温度场出现时空自组织的阈值不仅与本征参数有关,而且与体系的边界条件及外控约束相关,揭示出了诱发或避免这种温度场时空自组织之途径. 相似文献
64.
Recent work performed at DERA (now QinetiQ) has shown how accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC) can be used to obtain time to maximum rate curves using larger samples of energetic materials. The use of larger samples reduces the influence of thermal inertia, permitting experimental data to be gathered at temperatures closer to those likely to be encountered during manufacture, transportation or storage of an explosive device. However, in many cases, extrapolation of the time to maximum rate curve will still be necessary. Because of its low detection limit compared to the ARC, heat conduction calorimetry can be used to obtain data points at, or below, the region where an explosive system might exceed its temperature of no return and undergo a thermal explosion.Paired ARC and heat conduction calorimetry experiments have been conducted on some energetic material samples to explore this possibility further. Examples of where both agreement and disagreement are found between the two techniques are reported and the significance of these discussed. Ways in which combining ARC and heat conduction calorimetry experiments can enhance, complement and validate the results obtained from each technique are examined. 相似文献
65.
M. Yu. Gorshkov A. D. Neuimin N. M. Bogdanovich Yu. V. Danilov L. A. Dunyushkina 《Russian Journal of Electrochemistry》2007,43(6):721-728
Oxygen-ion conduction in apatite-like compounds based on silicates and germanates of lanthanum La x A6O12 + 1.5x (A = Si, Ge; x = 9.11–10.22) is studied. The compounds are shown to be purely ionic conductors at 600–900°C and partial oxygen pressures 10?16 to 105 Pa. The electroconductivity of the best conducting specimens of La x A6O12 + 1.5x (A = Si, Ge; x = 9.77–10) exceeds that of electrolyte YSZ at moderate temperatures. The electroconductivity of lanthanum germanate is substantially greater than that of lanthanum silicate, specifically, 7.85 × 10?2 and 2.35 × 10?2 S cm?1, respectively, at 800°C. An inflection is discovered at ~750°C in the temperature dependences of electroconductivity of La x Ge6O12 + 1.5x (x = 9.77–10.22). A dilatometric examination points to a second-kind phase transition that may be due to the oxygen sublattice disordering. The behavior of apatite-like electrolytes La x A6O12 + 1.5x (A = Si, Ge) during long exploitation periods in the interval of working temperatures of electrochemical devices is studied for the first time ever. The electrolytes’ aging at 800°C in air for 1000 h was investigated by the electroconductivity method. The electroconductivity of lanthanum germanates decayed with time by 5% and that of lanthanum silicates, by 9.5%. The steady-state values of electroconductivity of all compounds studied is reached after 600–700 h. The compounds studied form a class of materials that hold some promise as solid electrolytes for medium-temperature fuel cells and other electrochemical devices. 相似文献
66.
67.
Jamal Afzal Yaomei Fu Tian-Xiang Luan Zhongmin Su Pei-Zhou Li 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(13)
Developing a low-cost and effective proton-conductive electrolyte to meet the requirements of the large-scale manufacturing of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells is of great significance in progressing towards the upcoming “hydrogen economy” society. Herein, utilizing the one-pot acylation polymeric combination of acyl chloride and amine precursors, a polyamide with in-built -SO3H moieties (PA-PhSO3H) was facilely synthesized. Characterization shows that it possesses a porous feature and a high stability at the practical operating conditions of PEM fuel cells. Investigations of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements revealed that the fabricated PA-PhSO3H displays a proton conductivity of up to 8.85 × 10−2 S·cm−1 at 353 K under 98% relative humidity (RH), which is more than two orders of magnitude higher than that of its -SO3H-free analogue, PA-Ph (6.30 × 10−4 S·cm−1), under the same conditions. Therefore, matrix-mixed membranes were fabricated by mixing with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) in different ratios, and the EIS analyses revealed that its proton conductivity can reach up to 4.90 × 10−2 S·cm−1 at 353 K and a 98% relative humidity (RH) when the weight ratio of PA-PhSO3H:PAN is 3:1 (labeled as PA-PhSO3H-PAN (3:1)), the value of which is even comparable with those of commercial-available electrolytes being used in PEM fuel cells. Additionally, continuous tests showed that PA-PhSO3H-PAN (3:1) possesses a long-life reusability. This work demonstrates, using the simple acylation reaction with the sulfonated module as precursor, that low-cost and highly effective proton-conductive electrolytes for PEM fuel cells can be facilely achieved. 相似文献
68.
69.
电子束蒸发制备ZnO薄膜及其晶体结构和电学性质 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用电子束蒸发法制备了ZnO薄膜。研究了退火温度及衬底对薄膜的结晶状况以及电学性质的影响.X射线衍射测试结果表明。相同蒸发条件下制备的ZnO薄膜,硅(100)衬底上薄膜晶粒尺寸为73nm。结晶情况明显好于陶瓷和玻璃衬底上的薄膜.退火之后,各种衬底上薄膜的结晶情况相对未退火时都有明显好转;400℃退火时。薄膜逐渐结晶;600℃退火时,ZnO薄膜体现良好的择优生长的趋势,晶粒长大,晶化程度提高,大部分晶粒发生了织构.在400℃退火后。掺入Al2O3的薄膜和未掺杂的ZnO薄膜的电阻率下降了一个多数量级,但掺入MgO的薄膜电阻率变大。这是由于MgO掺杂起到了补偿作用,掺入MgO有可能实现ZnO薄膜的P型掺杂. 相似文献
70.
根据爱因斯坦的狭义相对论中质能的等效关系,把固体(本文指非导体)晶格(原子)的质量分为晶格(原子)的静质量和晶格热振动能量的等效质量两个部分,后者就是固体中声子气的等效质量.晶格(原子)热振动的能量则分为晶格(原子)静质量具有的热能以及声子气质量具有的热能.基于固体的状态方程,导得了晶格静质量热振动的状态方程和声子气的状态方程.声子气在固体介质中的宏观运动就是热量在固体中的传递过程.建立了声子气运动的守恒方程组,分析表明,忽略惯性力时声子气的动量守恒方程就退化为傅里叶导热定律,阐明了傅里叶导热定律的物理本质是声子气驱动力与阻力的平衡方程.当热流密度很大惯性力不能忽略时,傅里叶导热定律不再适用.
关键词:
非傅里叶导热
声子气
声子气质量
状态方程
守恒方程 相似文献