核酸工具酶辅助的金属稳定同位素标记方法在生物分析中的应用

本文主要概述了近年来核酸工具酶辅助的基于金属稳定同位素标记的电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)检测方法在生物分析中的发展和应用,简要介绍了该方法在蛋白质、核酸及一些生物小分子检测中的应用。最后对核酸工具酶辅助的基于金属稳定同位素标记的电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)检测方法的发展前景做了展望。     

Hierarchical NiCo2O4 microspheres assembled by nanorods with p-type response for detection of triethylamine

The morphological and structural design provides an efficient protocol to optimize the performance of gas sensing materials. In this work, a gas sensor with high sensitivity for triethylamine (TEA) detection is developed based on p-type NiCo₂O₄ hierarchical microspheres. The NiCo₂O₄ microspheres, synthesized by a hydrothermal route, have a three-dimensional (3D) urchin-like structure assembled by nanorod building blocks. The structure-property correlation has been investigated by powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, N₂ adsorption-desorption tests and comprehensive gas sensing experiments. The influence of calcination temperature on the morphological structure and sensing performances has been investigated. Results reveal that the material annealed at 300 °C has a very large specific surface area of 125.27 m²/g, thereby demonstrating the best TEA sensing properties including high response and low limit of detection (145 ppb), good selectivity and stability. The further increase of the calcination temperature leads to the collapse of the 3D hierarchical structure with significantly decreased surface area, which is found to decline the sensing performances. This work indicates the promise of ternary p-type metal oxide nanostructures for application in highly sensitive gas sensors.     

以学为中心理念下多层圆筒壁热传导教学设计及实施*

以多层圆筒壁热传导知识点为例,探索了以 “学”为中心教学模式的具体应用,结合智慧教学工具及手段,采用BOPPPS结构模式对教学重难点部分进行设计。实践结果表明,这种教学模式有利于激发学生的学习兴趣,提升学生的学习效果。     

RD496微热量计的研制及其应用

简要回顾了热导式微热量计的建立和发展,着重介绍了RD496微热量计的研制历程.归纳并介绍了RD496微热量计在化学和材料研究中的应用,包括物质晶型转化温度和转化热、溶解热和混合热、生成反应焓的测定,化学反应热动力学、稀释结晶动力学的研究,比热容和固体材料导热系数的测定,材料原位生长的量热研究和材料的微量吸附量热研究等;另外,对于其在高分子化学及物理、生物化学及农业科学等方面的应用进行了叙述.     

POLYMERIZATION OF A NEW SUBSTITUTED ACETYLENE BEARING A FURAN RING WITH PALLADIUM ACETYLIDE CATALYSTS

A substituted polyacetylene bearing a furan ring, poly(2-propynyl 2-furoate) (PPF), was synthesized for the first time with palladium acetylide complex catalysts in CHCl3 at 60℃ to give a soluble and stable polymer with a yield of ca.75%. Some features for polymerization of 2-propynyl 2-furoate are described and discussed. The resulting polymer was characterized by IR, GPC and ^1H-NMR analysis.     

高铁酸盐在SnO2-Sb2O3/Ti电极上的选择性电化学合成

合成了SnO2-Sb2O3/Ti电极材料.实验结果证实,在14mol/LNaOH水溶液中和完全避免析氧反应的条件下,Fe(Ⅱ)物种在该电极上进行电化学氧化并生成FeO42-.结果表明,Fe(OH)3在浓NaOH溶液中发生酸式电离,形成可溶于水的FeO2-,该离子的浓度随着碱溶液浓度变化而发生明显变化,而且它还是发生化学氧化和电化学氧化的反应物.在SnO2-Sb2O3/Ti电极上,FeO42-的电化学还原起始电位为0.38V(vs.Hg/HgO,14mol/LNaOH),FeO2-电化学氧化起始电位为0.54V.结果还表明,用电化学方法氧化Fe(Ⅱ)物种生成FeO42-是个多步骤过程.     

Beyond labels: A review of the application of quantum dots as integrated components of assays, bioprobes, and biosensors utilizing optical transduction

A comprehensive review of the development of assays, bioprobes, and biosensors using quantum dots (QDs) as integrated components is presented. In contrast to a QD that is selectively introduced as a label, an integrated QD is one that is present in a system throughout a bioanalysis, and simultaneously has a role in transduction and as a scaffold for biorecognition. Through a diverse array of coatings and bioconjugation strategies, it is possible to use QDs as a scaffold for biorecognition events. The modulation of QD luminescence provides the opportunity for the transduction of these events via fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), charge transfer quenching, and electrochemiluminescence (ECL). An overview of the basic concepts and principles underlying the use of QDs with each of these transduction methods is provided, along with many examples of their application in biological sensing. The latter include: the detection of small molecules using enzyme-linked methods, or using aptamers as affinity probes; the detection of proteins via immunoassays or aptamers; nucleic acid hybridization assays; and assays for protease or nuclease activity. Strategies for multiplexed detection are highlighted among these examples. Although the majority of developments to date have been in vitro, QD-based methods for ex vivo biological sensing are emerging. Some special attention is given to the development of solid-phase assays, which offer certain advantages over their solution-phase counterparts.     

Fragmentation studies of pentacoordinated bisaminoacylspirophosphoranes by negative electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Fragmentation pathways of a series of pentacoordinated bisaminoacylspirophosphoranes were elucidated by electrospray ionization multistage mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) in negative mode. The deprotonated ions of pentacoordinated bisaminoacylspirophosphoranes tend to eliminate a corresponding amino acid to form base peak. The hydrogen/deuterium exchange experiment, the high-resolution mass spectrometry, (13)C stable isotope labeling experiment and theoretical calculations were used to rationalize the proposed fragmentation pathways and to verify the differences between the fragmentation pathways. The results indicate that the negative molecular ions of pentacoordinated bisaminoacylspirophosphoranes dissociate through its open-chain tricoordinated tautomers. The relative Gibbs free energies (ΔG) of the product ions and proposed fragmentation pathways were estimated using the B3LYP/6-31 + + G(d, p) model. The results have some potential applications in the identification structures of similar spirophosphorane compounds by ESI-MS(n).     

PREPARATION AND ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANES BASED ON SAN/PVDF-HFP BLENDS

A copolymer of poly(acrylonitrile-co-styrene) (SAN) was synthesized via an emulsion polymerization method. Novel polymer electrolyte membranes cast from the blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP), SAN and fumed silica (SiO2) are microporous and can be used in polymer lithium-ion batteries. The membrane shows excellent characteristics such as high ionic conductivity and good mechanical strength when the mass ratio between SAN and PVDF-HFP and SiO2 is 3.5/31.5/5. The ionic conductivity of the membrane soaked in a liquid electrolyte of 1 mol/L LiPF6/EC/DMC/DEC is 4.9×10-3 S cm-1 at 25℃. The membrane is electrochemical stable up to 5.5 V versus Li /Li in the liquid electrolyte. The influences of SiO2 content on the porosity and mechanical strength of the membranes were studied. Polymer lithium-ion batteries based on the membranes were assembled and their performances were also studied.     

Al掺杂La10(SiO4)6O3的制备及其导电性能

以溶胶-凝胶法在850℃制备了Al掺杂La10(SiO4)6O3,即La10(SiO4)6-x(AlO4)xO3-0.5x(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5和2.0),通过TG-DTA、XRD、IR和SEM表征,所得产品为磷灰石相。以电化学阻抗谱研究了其导电性能,发现决定电导率大小的因素有两种,一是间隙氧的数量,二是晶胞的大小,两种因素的综合作用,使得Al掺杂0.5时La10(SiO4)5.5(AlO4)0.5O2.75的电导率最大,在700℃时其电导率达到1.88×10-2S·cm-1。氧分压对电导率的研究表明,其主要的电荷载体是O2-离子。