Synthesis and characterization of alumina- and zirconia-based powders obtained by the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis

The ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) technique was used for synthesis of alumina- and zirconia-based powders. The starting agents were aqueous solutions, atomized by the ultrasonic spray generator and pyrolized in the furnace under the open-air conditions. The powders prepared by USP were in the form of solid and hollow aggregates (spheres) consisted of nanosize amorphous grains as determined by the microscopy and the X-ray diffraction techniques. The alumina-based powders were consolidated by the pulse plasma sintering resulting in single-phase materials. Different behavior of solid and hollow particles during the isostatic sintering is found; a higher degree of deformation of spheres is observed in the second case.     

综合化学实验:变色传感金属有机框架材料的制备

为了有效提升学生在化学实验过程中的学习积极性及效果,特推荐一个综合型化学实验--变色传感金属有机框架材料的制备。该实验设计思路是将前沿科学研究内容与本科生实验教学相结合,使学生在学习本科基础知识的同时又能了解科学研究的前沿领域。该实验涉及了有机物合成、无机领域金属有机框架材料的制备,还包括了红外、热重、X射线粉末衍射、紫外可见等仪器的使用及分析。鉴于本实验内容涵盖面较广,建议作为高年级本科生综合化学实验设置。     

需氯量试验对净水消毒的指导作用

在一定试验条件下，对使用液氯作净水消毒的水进行需氯量试验，所得结果作为加氯量的参考，取得了良好的效果。     

结合理论课堂的知识点设计高分子材料合成实验课程

尝试在"高分子材料合成创新实验"课程中将理论课的知识点巧妙地融入到实验教学中，有目的地设置实验环节，通过对实验现象的分析，帮助学生巩固理论课知识点。为了充分利用实验的等待时间，在有目的地组织学生对实验进行预习的基础上，还尝试"激励学生参与"实验课的教学，鼓励学生以实验小组的形式讲解与实验相关联的理论知识，进一步巩固相关知识点，并扩充知识面。2年的实验教学反馈表明，这些尝试既有效巩固了理论课堂的知识点，做到了活学活用，又激发了学生的学习兴趣，提高了分析问题的能力。     

绿色化学实验

绿色化学实验的研究和设计将实现对环境没有或只有很少负作用的理想与目标 ,微型实验、小量 -半微量实验、微波化学实验和计算机辅助的绿色化学实验设计是实现这一目标的一些可能途径。     

Femtosecond vibrational nuclear dynamics in the electronically excited state of the I2 molecule

Dynamics of the nuclear motion in the bound electronic B-state of the I₂ molecule was studied in the real time scale. Experiments were performed by the femtosecond pump-probe technique, which measured the dependence of the intensity of fluorescenceP(t) in the highly excited f-state on the time delay between pump and probe pulses. TheP(t) dependence observed has an oscillating character with a period of –300 fs. The pump pulse was generated by a femtosecond dye laser and amplified in a pulse dye laser amplifier; its spectral width was 5.6 nm, the wavelength in the center of the spectrum was 614 nm, and the duration was 90 fs. The probe pulse was generated in a KDP crystal due to duplication of the light frequency; its spectral width was 1.2 nm, the wavelength in the center of the spectrum was 307 nm, and the duration was 120 fs. TheP(t) dependence on the parameters of the probe and pump pulses was theoretically analyzed in terms of the quantum model based on the known energies of electronic vibrational-rotational states in the X-, B-, and f-terms of the iodine molecule. Experimental and calculatedP(t) plots at time delays of up to l.5 ps and time resolution of less than 100 fs were compared. Values of potentials in the X-, B-, and f-terms of the iodine molecule, spectra, and durations of pump and probe pulses are sufficient data for quantitative calculation of the experimentally obtainedP(t) plot.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 594–600, March, 1996.     

Spray Pyrolysis Preparation of Apatite-Composite Particles for Biological Application

Apatite derived by sol-gel routes through an amorphous state or derived biomimetically is likely to provide chemically and biologically active surfaces. Thus apatite or apatite-composite particles were prepared by spray-pyrolysis of several solutions as they were applicable to medical treatment. Calcium lactate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solutions stabilized with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid were sprayed ultrasonically and pyrolysed at 600°C to yield amorphous particles of apatite while apatite-ferric oxide composite powders were prepared from the solutions of calcium lactate and ferric nitrate. Solutions of calcium nitrate and titanium ethoxide in 0.5 N HNO₃ were also spray-pyrolysed at 600°C to prepare calcium titanate and titanium oxide particles trapped on a Ti substrate. Apatite could biomimetically be developed on the calcium titanate particles when they were soaked in an acellular simulated body fluid.     

Field‐assisted paper spray mass spectrometry for therapeutic drug monitoring: 1. the case of imatinib in plasma

The field‐assisted paper spray (FAPS) – mass spectrometric method has been employed to quantify the imatinib (IMT) plasma levels in treated patients. The quantitative measurements have been performed on the collisionally generated fragment at m/z 394 of the protonated molecules of IMT and deuterated IMT (d₃‐IMT), used as internal standard. The FAPS‐tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method exhibits some limitations, because of the high number of operative parameters that need to be carefully controlled. For this aim, papers of different geometry, thickness, and porosity were tested. To obtain a more focalized and intense electrical field, a stainless steel needle was mounted axially and placed at 4 kV voltage. The variability observed in the measurements was ascribed either to the inter‐individual variability (e.g. the concomitant presence of other compounds such as proteins, lipids, drugs and/or salts in the plasma of different patients) or to the uncontrollable variables in the instrumental set‐up (e.g. sample deposition, changes in paper spray conditions). Furthermore, the manual sample deposition and solvent dripping strongly affects the measure reproducibility. Despite this, it is interesting to observe that, once applied in blind on 24 real plasma samples, FAPS‐MS/MS led to results analogous to those obtained by the well‐consolidated liquid chromatography‐MS/MS, even if the mean coefficient of variation % (CV%) values of 20.4% and 2.6% were observed for the two methods, respectively. In conclusion, despite CV values are relatively high, it is worth noting that the FAPS‐MS/MS method is much more straightforward, rapid and economical than the liquid chromatography‐MS/MS one, and it appears therefore very promising for applications where a high precision is not always a required task, as e.g. in some cases of therapeutic drug monitoring. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

利用Origin双参数拟合表面张力与浓度曲线

在表面张力实验中总结出了一种利用易得易用的Origin软件处理数据的双参数拟合法,不仅更为科学严谨,而且简便易学,适合高校化学实验进行教学改革和计算机辅助教学.     

2017年美国国家化学周活动展示及启示

简要介绍2017年美国国家化学周活动，并得出对我国中学化学教学的启示：（1）营造宽松氛围，实现寓教于乐；（2）凸显证据推理，强化辨识能力；（3）争创绿色教育，长鸣安全警钟；（4）鼓励质疑问难，培养探索精神；（5）拓宽化学阅读，开阔学科视野；（6）开发七彩实验，畅享化学之美。