Unsteady Flow to Wells Partially Penetrating in Two-Layered Aquifers

The unsteady flow of water to well in a layered aquifer with an interlayer flow is examined in this paper. The system studied comprises an aquifer consisting of two productive layers of finite thickness that are in a perfect hydraulic contact and a well which partially penetrates in one of the layers. Each layer is assumed to be homogeneous and isotropic and the water contained in the aquifer is of identical physical properties and small compressibility.The analytical solutions are derived for the case when the system is characterised by equality of hydraulic diffusivity of layers. These solutions give the results accurate enough for practical applications and allow to estimate the effects of partial penetration and contrast in parameters of formation on distribution of the flow potential both at large distances from wells and at the wells.The obtained solutions also provide a basis for predicting the interlayer flow arising from the performance of a pumping well as well as between a pair of wells which have an open interval located in different layers of the aquifer. Two cases have been analysed: (1) a pumping pair of wells which is used to prevent water inflow to the productive well, and (2) a pumping-injection pair of wells providing the demanded mixing of water from adjacent layers. Some examples of flow patterns and specially computed diagrams are given to illustrate the operation of such systems.     

LIF喷流混合流浓度场定量测量

本文介绍激光诱导荧光(LIF)的瞬时浓度场定量测量技术,采用了CCD图象采集处理系统和低浓度简化校正技术等,讨论了喷流混合流浓度场测量的初步结果。     

Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Influence of the Wake Behind an Injector Frame on Jet Dilution in a Crossflow

In this paper, a mixing of gases through square Jets issuing normally Into a CrossFlow (JICF) is investigated by means of both numerical simulation and experiment. The jets are emitted by two injectors mounted at the top and bottom of an Injector Frame (IF) which is installed at the center of an Eiffel type wind-tunnel. This jet configuration makes it possible to approximate an industrial gas mixer placed at the center of a pipe. Large Eddy Simulation based on the Smagorinsky model is used, enabling characterization of the mean and fluctuating velocities as well as the oscillating flow frequencies. Different diagnostic techniques, such as Laser Doppler Anemometry and Particle Image Velocimetry are employed for validating the numerical models, and a good agreement between prediction and experiment is obtained. In the numerical simulation, introduction of a passive scalar through the jet makes it possible to show three dilution phenomena. They are generated respectively by the wake of the IF, the jet/wake assemblage and the jets alone in function of the momentum flux ratio between jet and crossflow. Influence of the various parameters on the mixing process between the jets and the crossflow is identified. The numerical results show that if the IF wake is suppressed with the presence of a trailing edge behind the IF, classical formation of Counter-rotating Vortex Pair is found.     

收缩湍流场中标量扩散的实验研究

在近似均匀各向同性湍流场中加一个收缩段,对所得到的非各向同性湍流中温度混合层和热尾流作了初步实验研究。实验测量结果表明,它们在收缩段被“压缩”后又继续扩展,在实验的范围内(即发展初期)两者的T,(?)和(?)剖面具有相似性。     

离子束混合铝／铁双层膜表面改性

目前，有关离子束混合层的摩擦磨损性能及其电化学腐蚀等方面内容文献报道还很少见，研究都还不够深入系统。因此，对Ａｒ＾＋离子束混合３１６不锈钢基体上的Ａｌ／Ｆｅ双层膜的摩擦学行为及其电化学性能等进行了试验研究，结果表明，混合层的显微硬度比基体的高２５％，摩擦系数也大幅度降低，且其耐磨性能良好，混合试样的电化学性能表现明显的贵金属特征，在此基础上，还利用俄歇电子能谱仪，透射电子显微镜，扫描电子显微镜和掠     

Mixing of hot gases in an axisymmetric channel with a pre-swirled flow

The problem of the mixing of hot turbulent gases in an axisymmetric channel with a lateral surface of arbitrary shape and a pre-swirled flow is considered. The flowfields and the temperature and concentration distributions are calculated for various inlet conditions.     

Development of the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability upon interaction of a diffusion mixing layer of two gases with shock waves

Based on the previously formulated mathematical model of mechanics of a two-velocity two-temperature mixture of gases, the evolution of an initially disturbed mixing layer of two gases with different densities under the action of shock waves is considered in a two-dimensional unsteady approximation. Problems of interaction of shock waves with a sinusoidally disturbed diffuse layer are solved numerically. The predicted variation of the mixing-region width are in satisfactory agreement with experimental data. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 3–11, May–June, 2005.     

Large-scale turbulence phenomena in compound rectangular channels

In this article we investigate turbulent flow of air through compound rectangular channels to experimentally investigate the turbulence phenomena in compound channels. Detailed experimental data of axial mean velocity, wall shear stresses, five of six Reynolds stresses, auto- and cross-spectral densities, and two-point space correlations were measured by hot-wire anemometry in 18 geometrical configurations.

The symmetry of the present flow appears to be better than that of previous measurements and the range of measurments is more extensive. The most interesting result is the existence of a quasi-periodic large-scale turbulence structure in most of the geometries investigated. This structure is stationary and independent of the axial position in the channel. It exists in any longitudinal slot or groove in a wall or a connecting gap between two flow channels, provided its depth is more than approximately twice its width. The frequency of this flow oscillation is determined by the geometry of the slot and is linearly dependent on the bulk velocity.     

Study of a Mixing Layer Formed by a Supersonic Main Stream of Air and a Co-Flowing Supersonic Helium Jet

The development of large-scale organised motions in a compressible mixing layer is studied experimentally using holographic interferometry, pressure and turbulence measurements. The mixing layer was formed behind the base of a parallel strut with a Mach 2 air main stream and a co-flowing two-dimensional slot jet (aspect ratio = 45) of helium at a Mach number of 1.2. The mixing layer exhibited highly organised vortical structures which were elongated and inclined approximately 45–50° to the flow direction. The mixing layer showed a linear growth and the mean velocity data indicated self-similar behaviour at sufficiently downstream distances. The results have shown that the thickness of the primary boundary layer has a strong influence on the growth and structure of the mixing layer. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

二维混合层拟序结构的直接数值模拟

本文是在文[1]的基础上,引用Cain等人(1981)提出的映射函数将无穷远的边界变换到有限距离处,用伪谱方法对N-S方程组进行直接数值模拟,研究时间发展的二维混合层的不稳定性,再现了大涡的卷起,涡对的合并与撕裂以及三个涡、四个涡之间的相互作用过程,并将过程进行了动态显示。