Photodeposition of CoOx nanoparticles on BiFeO3 nanodisk for efficiently piezocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B by utilizing ultrasonic vibration energy

Piezoelectric materials have received much attention due to their great potential in environmental remediation by utilizing vibrational energy. In this paper, a novel piezoelectric catalyst, CoO_x nanoparticles anchored BiFeO₃ nanodisk composite, was intentionally synthesized via a photodeposition method and applied in piezocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under ultrasonic vibration. The as-synthesized CoO_x/BiFeO₃ composite presents high piezocatalytic efficiency and stability. The RhB degradation rate is determined to be 1.29 h⁻¹, which is 2.38 folds higher than that of pure BiFeO₃. Via optimizing the reaction conditions, the piezocatalytic degradation rate of the CoO_x/BiFeO₃ can be further increased to 3.20 h⁻¹. A thorough characterization was implemented to investigate the structure, piezoelectric property, and charge separation efficiency of the CoO_x/BiFeO₃ to reveal the nature behind the high piezocatalytic activity. It is found that the CoO_x nanoparticles are tightly adhered and uniformly dispersed on the surface of the BiFeO₃ nanodisks. Strong interaction between CoO_x and BiFeO₃ triggers the formation of a heterojunction structure, which further induces the migration of the piezoinduced holes on the BiFeO₃ to CoO_x nanoparticles. The recombination of electron-hole pairs is retarded, thereby increasing the piezocatalytic performance greatly. This work may offer a new paradigm for the design of high-efficiency piezoelectric catalysts.     

Spreading of Oil Droplets Containing Surfactants and Pesticides on Water Surface Based on the Marangoni Effect

Oil droplets containing surfactants and pesticides are expected to spread on a water surface, under the Marangoni effect, depending on the surfactant. Pesticides are transported into water through this phenomenon. A high-speed video camera was used to measure the movement of Marangoni ridges. Gas chromatography with an electron capture detector was used to analyze the concentration of the pesticide in water at different times. Oil droplets containing the surfactant and pesticide spread quickly on the water surface by Marangoni flow, forming an oil film and promoting emulsification of the oil–water interface, which enabled even transport of the pesticide into water, where it was then absorbed by weeds. Surfactants can decrease the surface tension of the water subphase after deposition, thereby enhancing the Marangoni effect in pesticide-containing oil droplets. The time and labor required for applying pesticides in rice fields can be greatly reduced by using the Marangoni effect to transport pesticides to the target.     

Graphene的物理性质与器件应用

Graphene因其新奇的物理性质和广泛的应用前景已迅速成为国际新材料领域的研究前沿和热点.文章详细介绍了Graphene奇特的物理性质（多体相互作用、量子霍尔效应、双极场效应、弱局域化效应等）,并对其在微纳米器件、分子电子学、自旋电子学等领域的应用进展给出了综述.     

高功率微波弯曲圆波导设计

报道了可分别传输TM01模和TE01模的两种弯曲圆波导的设计方法和计算结果。研究表明：所设计的TM01模弯曲波导和TE01模弯曲波导在中心频率上传输效率均超过99.5%,传输效率大于95%的带宽分别达到20.0%和14.4%;该两个弯曲波导也分别适用于传输TE11模和TM11模;水平极化TE11模与TM01模、垂直极化TM11模与TE01模在弯曲圆波导中传输时具有相似的传输效率和频带特性;而垂直极化TE11模、水平极化TM11模由于不易和其它模式耦合,在弯曲波导中传输时具有较高的传输效率。     

单脉冲能量对吸气式激光推进冲量耦合系数的影响

利用透镜聚焦,抛物面喷管约束,结合复摆和光指针测量系统研究了单脉冲能量对吸气式激光推进冲量耦合系数的影响,实验中通过调节激光器工作电压和硅片衰减实现了脉冲能量5~70 J范围的有效拓展;进一步采用纳秒分幅高速相机拍摄了24 J能量下的流场纹影照片。结果表明：在4~9 J低能量和32~70 J较高能量区间,冲量耦合系数均较稳定;9~32 J能量下冲量耦合系数呈线性增长趋势,变化范围(6.5~21.0)×10-5 N·s·J-1;纹影照片显示流场演化经历了激光支持爆轰波、爆燃波和激波3个阶段,耦合系数的变化规律源于不同单脉冲能量对应不同的能量沉积效率。     

微波腔内波混沌散射的初步研究

通过建立的微波腔模拟产生大量腔体散射矩阵和辐射散射矩阵,并转化得到归一化散射矩阵和阻抗矩阵。利用戴桑环系综对归一化散射矩阵的本征值和本征相位进行了统计分析,其本征值的模和本征相位具有统计独立性,且本征相位近似均一分布,验证了腔体中波混沌散射的存在。对数值模拟和随机矩阵理论预测得到的归一化阻抗的统计特性进行了比较,其结果基本一致,说明随机矩阵理论对归一化阻抗具有一定的预测功能。     

狭义相对论教学中的几个问题

本文讨论了相对论教学中几个方面的问题,包括常见例子的问题,洛伦兹变换的方便形式,同时相对性例子在另一参考系的讨论,长度测量在另一参考系看到的现象,时间延缓及运动参考系各点时间不同和光的多普勒效应的简单推导.通过不同过程在不同参考系中的讨论,掌握在运动系讨论问题的方法,以及同一过程在不同惯性系内的不同表现,而所有现象的测量结论在洛伦兹变换下保持不变.     

随机耦合模型在高功率微波效应中的应用

分析了微波混沌腔体系统中关键部位感应电压的统计问题,介绍了随机耦合模型在高功率微波效应研究中的计算方法和应用,并以计算机机箱为实验系统,开展了电磁波耦合入计算机机箱腔体的电磁干扰问题研究,对其电路板上关键部位感应电压的统计计算和实验结果进行了比较,其结果基本一致。随机耦合模型在波混沌系统中感应电压的统计探讨为高功率微波效应、电磁兼容等研究提供了一种新的思路。     

激光脉冲波形对烧蚀Si靶表面温度的影响

利用双温方程对激光烧蚀Si靶的过程进行了数值模拟,并结合合适的初始条件和边界条件,研究了在飞秒、皮秒激光作用下,脉冲波形（矩形、梯形、三角形和高斯形）对Si靶表面载流子和晶格温度分布的影响。结果表明：激光功率密度是影响载流子温升的主要因素,矩形脉冲激光烧蚀Si靶表面载流子的峰值温度最高,而高斯分布的脉冲引起靶面载流子峰值温度最低。可见,激光脉冲波形对Si靶表面载流子的温度分布具有重要影响。所得结果可为制备高质量的薄膜提供理论依据。