高能X光照相CCD成像系统的模糊效应

 指出了景深、可见光衍射、辐射输运是CCD图像接收系统模糊效应的3个影响因素。用MCNP方法研究了转换屏内的辐射输运,给出了不同入射光子能谱和转换屏厚度下转换屏内能量沉积随半径的变化关系。结果表明:能量沉积随转换屏厚度的增加而线性增加;辐射输运引起的模糊与光子能谱有关,但硬化谱引起的模糊随转换屏厚度的变化小于非硬化谱;转换屏内的辐射输运是CCD图像接收系统模糊效应的主要影响因素;辐射输运引起的模糊和高斯模糊是不同的。     

ICP-MS分析14种中药铀、钍、铊含量

微量元素尤其是有害元素的监测控制与中药质量密切相关。对14种肿瘤治疗常用中药用微波消解法进行处理,用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法检测了其中铀、钍和铊的含量。结果显示14种中药中铀、钍和铊含量的变化范围分别为,铀,0.005 153～0.153 4 μg·g-1;钍,0.035 01～0.462 8 μg·g-1;铊,0.001 43～1.600 μg·g-1。铀、钍和铊的含量都较低,但个体含量差异较大。 采用统计软件SPSS11.5对结果进行分析比较,结果显示清热解毒类中药与以毒攻毒类中药中铀、钍和铊含量都无显著性差异;植物类药与动物类药中铀、钍和铊的含量也无显著性差异。ICP-MS法快速、灵敏、准确,可作为中药中铀、钍和铊含量分析的可靠方法,另一方面本研究结果为临床中药的安全使用和药物开发提供了参考数据。     

高功率弯波导TE01-TM11模式变换临界角分析

在模式耦合理论的基础上,采用传统的波导轴线圆弧弯曲的方法,对TE01-TM11模式变换器的临界角进行了全面的优化分析。得出在临界角情况下,若考虑多模因素,则不能使TE01-TM11的能量发生全转换,而真正的最优化能量全转换角在临界角的附近,且转换的效率与弯波导曲率相关。     

超短脉冲Bessel 光束和空间诱导色散效应

给出了含时的波动方程的一族特解－超短脉冲Bessel光束,其脉冲光束的空间和时间部分可以做分离变量,空间部分在传输过程中保持Bessel光束不变,而时间脉冲部分的传输行为类似于在普通色散介质中的传输,此效应被称之为空间诱导色散效应。     

拓扑视角下的光学涡环

涡旋环是一种广泛存在于流体和气体中的可传播环形结构,其与拓扑学中的纽结理论密切相关。近年来,随着光场调控技术的发展,时空光场在时间和空间维度的紧密联系为研究光学拓扑结构提供了良好的平台。文章将回顾近期关于光学涡环的系列研究,介绍光学涡环产生过程中的物理机制;并分别从拓扑和结构光两个视角出发,详细讨论由光学涡环延伸出的光学相位拓扑结构,包括标量光学霍普夫子及光学相位莫比乌斯环。     

金属表面荧光增强的物理增强机制

具有特殊形貌及构型的表面(如金属薄膜)能够使位于其邻近的荧光分子的荧光信号得到增强, 这种现象被称之为表面增强荧光(Surface Enhanced Fluorescence, SEF)。有关表面增强荧光效应的研究探讨已有许多报道,并先后提出了多种增强机理以试图理解和解释观测到的实验现象。本文将在总结归纳已有机理研究的基础上,从物理学的角度出发分析理解局域场增强、能量转移以及辐射衰减速率增加等理论模型,并对衬底表面与荧光分子之间的间距变化对增强效果的影响进行探讨。     

Design and characterization of guided mode resonance filters with the improved structure for facile fabrication

In this study, a guided mode resonance filter with the improved structure for facile fabrication is designed; the properties of the designed filters are simulated by rigorous coupled wave analysis. It is found that the resonance wavelength and spectral linewidth are slightly increased with the increasing of the grating thickness, and seldom changed with the thickness of the grating filling factor, as the parameter error of the grating thickness and the grating filling factor are deviated from the designed value by ±10%, respectively, which are very favorable for simplifying preparation process of the GMR filter.     

Minireview: Advances in Germanium Isotope Analysis by Multiple Collector–Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry

The advent of multiple collector–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) has made the high-precision determination of Ge isotopes possible, which leads to the widespread application of Ge isotopes in earth, ocean, and cosmochemistry fields. This paper reviews the history of Ge isotope analysis, chemical dissolution and purification, and mass spectrometry measurements. Concentrated HNO₃ is sufficient to dissolve nearly all types of samples and HF is also involved for Si-rich samples. Low-temperature ashing prior to dissolution is an alternative way to preconcentrate Ge in organic-rich samples. For different matrices, Ge isotopes can be determined by MC-ICP-MS coupled with a traditional nebulizer system or hydride generation system after two-step separation, one step cation/anion-exchange separation, or Mg/Fe co-precipitation protocols. Ion-exchange column methods are suitable for samples with elevated matrix and Ge content such as sulfides, iron oxides, silicate rocks, and coals, whereas Mg or Fe coprecipitation methods are particularly suitable for all kinds of water. Hydride generation systems are improved over traditional nebulizer system due to the smaller sample quantity and fewer matrix-related interferences. Sample-standard bracketing, double spike, and external Ga isotope normalization are used to mass bias correction and yield consistent results. Analytical methods involving Ge-poor samples and Ge isotope analyses based on different Ge species or specific Ge compound in natural environment will be important prospects in the further study. For further applications of Ge isotopes in mineral deposits such as sulfide and iron oxide deposits, sulfides, and iron oxides reference materials should be developed in the future.     

Thermomechanical formulation of ductile damage coupled to nonlinear isotropic hardening and multiplicative viscoplasticity

In this paper, we present a thermomechanical framework which makes use of the internal variable theory of thermodynamics for damage-coupled finite viscoplasticity with nonlinear isotropic hardening. Damage evolution, being an irreversible process, generates heat. In addition to its direct effect on material's strength and stiffness, it causes deterioration of the heat conduction. The formulation, following the footsteps of Simó and Miehe (1992), introduces inelastic entropy as an additional state variable. Given a temperature dependent damage dissipation potential, we show that the evolution of inelastic entropy assumes a split form relating to plastic and damage parts, respectively. The solution of the thermomechanical problem is based on the so-called isothermal split. This allows the use of the model in 2D and 3D example problems involving geometrical imperfection triggered necking in an axisymmetric bar and thermally triggered necking of a 3D rectangular bar.     

Metabonomic analysis of serum reveals antifatigue effects of Yi Guan Jian on fatigue mice using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry

Yi Guan Jian (YGJ), one of the most commonly used traditional Chinese medicines, has been reported to possess significant antifatigue effects. However, the mechanisms underlying its antifatigue effects remain largely unresolved. In this study, a metabonomics approach, involving gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and a multivariate statistical technique, was developed to estimate the extent to which YGJ alleviated the exhausting swimming‐induced fatigue of mice. High‐dose treatment with YGJ significantly extended the swimming time of fatigued mice. Significant alterations of metabolites involving amino acids, organic acids and carbohydrates were observed in the serum of fatigued mice, which were reversed by YGJ treatment while biochemical indexes returned to normal. These metabolic changes suggest that the antifatigue effect of YGJ is associated with the impairement of amino acid, organic acids and carbohydrates. It also appears that YGJ can induce significant metabolic alterations independent of the exhausting swimming‐induced metabolic changes. The significantly altered metabolites induced by YGJ intervention include l‐ 2‐amino‐acetoacetate, taurine, fumaric acid, malic acid, oxoadipic acid and l‐ aspartate, all of which are associated with antifatigue properties. This suggests that YGJ exerts chemopreventive effects via antifatigue mechanisms.