等相面畸变对光折变相位共轭波前的影响

根据二波相互作用的耦合波方程组,研究了空间电荷场等相面发生倾斜和弯曲的规律及由此产生的四波混频(FWM)中相位共轭波的两类波前畸变,并给出了定量表示的具体方法.以BSO晶体为例数值计算了各种实验参数的影响,结合相位共轭波衍射效率和角分辨率,讨论了晶体厚度和外加电场等参数的合理选取.     

“西溪”和“西湖”两个风景区的比较研究

准备开发利用的西溪风景区即杭州蒋村南部的水网平原不同于西湖风景区,它由全新世中—晚期冲积—湖积作用形成的．固有的自然环境和民风俗习使它拥有一派田园水乡风光和逸致文化的氛围．“西溪”的“田园式”风光与“西湖”的“公园式”风光有很大区别,但它与“西湖”构成了杭州东西两地旅游资源优势互补的良好格局．重建西溪景区可以为21世纪追求“回归自然”的人们和钟情于“文化观光”的人们提供一个理想的去处,对广大游客有强大的吸引力,也能为促进杭州旅游业的持续发展创造有利条件．     

用加权平均方法构造新的隐式线性多步法公式

在已知的线性多步法公式中,用两个较适合的线性多步法进行加权平均就能构造出一系列新的隐式线性多步法公式,而且其中有些公式可能具有较好的性质,如稳定域增大.从而使得解刚性方程时,可以根据对稳定域与截断误差不同的需求来选择公式,以达到在适合的稳定域下,截断误差最小.经过数值试验验证,本文举出的实例中用加权平均方法构造出的有些新公式的稳定域大于原来两个公式任一个的稳定域,可应用于求解常微分方程初值问题的刚性问题.     

A study in the developing region of square jet

The developing region of a turbulent square jet is investigated using high-resolution particle image velocimetry (PIV). The mean velocity and turbulence stresses are presented in various horizontal planes, along the jet centerline covering the initial region of the jet as well as the transition to the self-similar region. To study the flow structure away from the central plane, velocity measurements in two additional horizontal planes, one located halfway from the jet central plane toward the edge and the other at the edge of the square jet, are also examined. Analysis of the instantaneous velocity fields reveal the presence of an arrow-like feature in the square jet due to the higher instability generated in the jet shear layer compared with a round jet. To elucidate the imprints of the vortex structures present in the jets, a swirling strength-based vortex identification methodology is applied on a large ensemble of instantaneous velocity fields. Statistical analysis of the number of vortex cores, and their size and rotational strength in the measurement plane is undertaken. Vortex population at the edge was found to be very different compared with that in the central plane.     

Constrained snake vs. conventional snake for carotid ultrasound automated IMT measurements on multi-center data sets

Accurate intima-media thickness (IMT) measurement of the carotid artery from minimal plaque ultrasound images is a relevant clinical need, since IMT increase is related to the progression of atherosclerosis.In this paper, we describe a novel dual snake-based model for the high-performance carotid IMT measurement, called Carotid Measurement Using Dual Snakes (CMUDS). Snakes (which are deformable contours) adapt to the lumen-intima (LI) and media-adventitia (MA) interfaces, thus enabling the IMT computation as distance between the LI and MA snakes. However, traditional snakes might be unable to maintain a correct distance and in some spatial location along the artery, it might even collapse between them or diverge. The technical improvement of this work is the definition of a dual snake-based constrained system, which prevents the LI and MA snakes from collapsing or bleeding, thus optimizing the IMT estimation.The CMUDS system consists of two parametric models automatically initialized using the far adventitia border which we automatically traced by using a previously developed multi-resolution approach. The dual snakes evolve simultaneously and are constrained by the distances between them, ensuring the regularization of LI/MA topology. We benchmarked our automated CMUDS with the previous conventional semi-automated snake system called Carotid Measurement Using Single Snake (CMUSS).Two independent readers manually traced the LIMA boundaries of a multi-institutional, multi-ethnic, and multi-scanner database of 665 CCA longitudinal 2D images. We evaluated our system performance by comparing it with the gold standard as traced by clinical readers.CMUDS and CMUSS correctly processed 100% of the 665 images. Comparing the performance with respect to the two readers, our automatically measured IMT was on average very close to that of the two readers (IMT measurement biases for CMUSS was equal to −0.011 ± 0.329 mm and −0.045 ± 0.317 mm, respectively, while for CMUDS, it was 0.030 ± 0.284 mm and −0.004 ± 0.273 mm, respectively). The Figure-of-Merit of the system was 98.5% and 94.4% for CMUSS, while 96.0% and 99.6% for CMUDS, respectively. Results showed that the dual-snake system CMUDS reduced the IMT measurement error accuracy (Wilcoxon, p < 0.02) and the IMT error variability (Fisher, p < 3 × 10⁻²).We propose the CMUDS technique for use in large multi-centric studies, where the need for a standard, accurate, and automated IMT measurement technique is required.     

Competition models with Allee effects

In this paper, we study a generalized two-species contest-competition model with an Allee effect. We provide a complete analysis of the global dynamics of the system. In particular, we determine all the invariant manifolds, the extinction, the exclusion and the coexistence regions. We use tools from topology and dynamical systems to show that all orbits must converge to one of the equilibrium points of the system. The analysis shows that there are several potential scenarios including competition coexistence, exclusion and extinction.     

Non-Gaussianity effects in petrophysical quantities

It has been proved that there are many indicators (petrophysical quantities) for the estimation of petroleum reservoirs. The value of information contained in each indicator is yet to be addressed. In this work, the most famous and applicable petrophysical quantities for a reservoir, which are the gamma emission (GR), sonic transient time (DT), neutron porosity (NPHI), bulk density (RHOB), and deep induced resistivity (ILD), have been analyzed in order to characterize a reservoir. The implemented technique is the well-logging method. Based on the log-normal model defined in random multiplicative processes, the probability distribution function (PDF) for the data sets is described. The shape of the PDF depends on the parameter λ²${\lambda }^2$ which determines the efficiency of non-Gaussianity. When non-Gaussianity appears, it is a sign of uncertainty and phase transition in the critical regime. The large value and scale-invariant behavior of the non-Gaussian parameter λ²${\lambda }^2$ is an indication of a new phase which proves adequate for the existence of petroleum reservoirs. Our results show that one of the indicators (GR) is more non-Gaussian than the other indicators, scale wise. This means that GR is a continuously critical indicator. But by moving windows with various scales, the estimated λ²${\lambda }^2$ shows that the most appropriate indicator for distinguishing the critical regime is ILD, which shows an increase at the end of the measured region of the well.     

New achievements in the theory of phase states of the hBN-wBN-zBN system

Abstract

Based on the presence of a distinct boundary of the transition region (hysteresis line) wBN→zBN, the existence of the wBN-zBN equilibrium line and of the zone of the inverse transition zBN→wBN is proved.     

Estimating parameters of a log-linear intensity for a repairable system

The log-linear intensity is often used in survival analysis of technical products with rapid deterioration. It is an extremely important intensity to characterize the probabilistic behavior of a large number of real phenomena. In this paper we develop statistical methods for an alternating repair model using a log-linear intensity. The maximum likelihood estimator is considered for determining the estimations of the model parameters. The distribution of the life times after perfect repairs and imperfect repairs are obtained. The estimation of the Fisher information matrix is given. Simultaneous confidence regions based on the likelihood ratio statistics are developed for the estimators of the parameters. The proposed model is demonstrated using the well known data on airplane air-conditioning failures from Plane 7.