等离子体辅助同时催化去除柴油机NOx和碳烟的试验研究

采用程序升温反应(TPR)技术,对比研究了复合金属氧化物催化剂La0.8K0.2MnO3,La0.9K0.1CoO3和Cu0.9K0.1Fe2O4同时催化去除柴油机NOx和碳烟(soot)的反应。研究结果表明, La0.8K0.2MnO3催化剂具有显著的同时催化去除NOx-soot催化反应特性,其降低碳烟的燃烧温度活性最强,而选择还原NOx为N2的效率居中。借助等离子体技术辅助La0.8K0.2MnO3,进一步研究了NOx-soot同时催化去除的有效性。结果证明,由于等离子体的作用, 提高了La0.8K0.2MnO3同时催化去除NOx-soot的催化反应活性,降低了碳烟燃烧温度,使碳烟起燃温度从300℃降到280℃,最大燃烧点温度从357℃降到335℃,燃尽温度从425℃降到380℃,也提高了:NOx转化为N2的效率。     

碳黑颗粒生长模型的初步研究

本文利用反应类(Reaction Class)概念和矩(Moment)方法,研究了层流预混甲烷火焰中碳黑颗粒的成核与长大过程。模型综合考虑了颗粒的成核、颗粒间由于碰撞的聚合、以及气态组分在颗粒表面的生长。通过数值计算预报了碳黑颗粒平均粒径、总表面积、体积分数和数密度,以及萘(A4)和乙炔(C2H2)在颗粒表面的增长速率。     

Diastereoselective fragmentation of chiral alpha-aminophosphonic acids/metal ion aggregates

Diastereomeric clusters of general formula [MAB(2)](+) and [MA(2)B](+) (M = Li(I), Na(I), Ag(I), Ni(II)-H, or Cu(II)-H; A = (R)-(-)- and (S)-(+)-(1-aminopropyl)phosphonic acid; B = (1R)-(-)- and (1S)-(+)-(1-aminohexyl)phosphonic acid) have been readily generated in the electrospray ionization (ESI) source of a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer and their collision-induced dissociation (CID) investigated. CID of diastereomeric complexes, e.g. [MA(S)(B(S))(2)](+) and [MA(R)(B(S))(2)](+), leads to fragmentation patterns characterized by R(homo) = [MA(S)B(S)](+)/[M(B(S))(2)](+) and R(hetero) = [MA(R)B(S)](+)/[M(B(S))(2)](+) abundance ratios, which depend upon the relative stability of the diastereomeric [MA(S)B(S)](+) and [MA(R)B(S)](+) complexes in the gas phase. The chiral resolution factor R(chiral) = R(homo)/R(hetero) is found to depend not only on the nature of the M ion but also on that of the fragmenting species, whether [MAB(2)](+) or [MA(2)B](+). The origin of this behavior is discussed.     

Investigation of a Fluorescence Signal Amplification Mechanism Used for the Direct Molecular Detection of Nucleic Acids

A fluorescence signal amplification mechanism allowing detection limits for DNA in the zeptomolar range was investigated. Photophysical properties of the molecular system were studied in order to better explain the signal amplification that is observed. We show that the confinement of a fluorescent DNA hybridization transducer in aggregates improves its quantum yield and photostability. Furthermore, we show that the combination of the resonance energy transfer occurring within the aggregates with the use of a conjugated polymer as the hybridization transducer and donor allows ultrafast and efficient energy coupling to the aggregates and can lead to the excitation of a large number of acceptors by only one donor.     

含冠醚双亲共聚物纳米聚集体的制备及性能

模拟DNA化学结构,设计并合成了双亲共聚物聚（2,2'-（1,10-二氮杂-[18]冠-6-1,10-二基）二乙基5-（（腺嘌呤-9-基）甲基）间苯二甲酸酯）（PDCAI）,利用扫描电镜（SEM）观测了其在水溶液中的自组织形态,采用红外光谱法（FT-IR）研究了其与底物胸腺嘧啶（thymine）的氢键识别,并以变温红外进一步证实和考察了氢键的形成及断裂. 同时,尝试了利用K⁺对PDCAI的自组织形态和氢键识别进行了调控,结果表明：在水溶液中PDCAI自发聚集成条带状聚集体,利用K⁺调控可使其聚集形态转变为棒状、纳米管状或螺旋棒状;在水溶液中底物thymine的C₂=O与PDCAI进行了氢键识别,而通过K⁺调控,氢键识别基变为thymine的C₄=O,说明PDCAI聚集形态的转变导致thymine在与其识别过程中进行识别构象的重组织. PDCAI的研制对研究揭示聚合物自发形成螺旋的分子特征、制备螺旋型聚合物、研制新型药物载体及功能调控具有参考意义.     

Role of gemini surfactants (m‐s‐m type; m = 16, s = 4–6) on the reaction of [Zn(II)‐Gly‐Phe]+ with ninhydrin

In the present paper, reaction of zinc‐glycylphenylalanine ([Zn(II)‐Gly‐Phe]⁺) with ninhydrin has been investigated in gemini (m‐s‐m type; m = 16, s = 4–6) surfactants at temperature (70 °C) and pH (5.0). Monitoring the appearance of product at 400 nm was used to follow the kinetics, spectrophotometrically. The order of the reaction with respect to [Zn(II)‐Gly‐Phe]⁺ was unity while with respect to [ninhydrin] was fractional. The reaction constants involved in the mechanism were obtained. In addition to the rate constant (k_Ψ) increase and leveling‐off regions are observed with the geminis, just like as seen with conventional surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), the former produced a third region of increasing k_Ψ at higher concentrations. A close agreement between observed and calculated rate constants was found under varying experimental conditions. A suitable mechanism consistent with the experimental findings has been proposed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Carbon‐Dot‐Decorated Nanodiamonds

The synthesis of a new class of fluorescent carbon nanomaterials, carbon‐dot‐decorated nanodiamonds (CDD‐ND), is reported. These CDD‐NDs are produced by specific acid treatment of detonation soot, forming tiny rounded sp² carbon species (carbon dots), 1–2 atomic layers thick and 1–2 nm in size, covalently attached to the surface of the detonation diamond nanoparticles. A combination of nanodiamonds bonded with a graphitic phase as a starting material and the application of graphite intercalated acids for oxidation of the graphitic carbon is necessary for the successful production of CDD‐ND. The CDD‐ND photoluminescence (PL) is stable, 20 times more intense than the intrinsic PL of well‐purified NDs and can be tailored by changing the oxidation process parameters. Carbon‐dot‐decorated DNDs are shown to be excellent probes for bioimaging applications and inexpensive additives for PL nanocomposites.     

Measurement of Inherent Material Density of Nanoparticle Agglomerates

We describe a new technique to measure the size dependent inherent material density of chain agglomerate particles. Measurements were carried out for diesel soot and aluminum/alumina agglomerate particles in the nanometer size range. Transmission electron microscopy was used to measure the volumes of agglomerate particles that were preselected by mass using an aerosol particle mass analyzer. We found that the density of diesel exhaust particles increased from 1.27 to 1.78g/cm³ as particle mobility size increased from 50 to 220nm. When particles are preheated to remove volatile components, the density was 1.77±0.07g/cm³, independent of particle size. The densities measured after heating correspond to the inherent material density of diesel soot. Measurements with aluminum nanoparticles were made downstream of a furnace where aluminum (Al) was converted to alumina (Al₂O₃). From measurements of inherent material density we were able to infer the extent of reaction, which varied with furnace temperature.     

The effect of blending granular aggregates of different origin on the strength of concrete

This work correlates the resistance of concrete cores with the physical properties of the granular material forming it. A basic physical characterization is conducted, taking into account the origin of the grains involved in the concrete mixture; that is, if they come from natural degradation (natural granular aggregates) or from a grinding process (crushed granular aggregates). Apparent and real densities, shape factors, packing densities, and specific surface areas of the grains are measured. The results are discussed as a function of size and origin of the grains. Several mixtures are prepared following a standard protocol and using different ratios of natural and crushed aggregates. For each ratio, six cores are prepared and uniaxial compression tests are performed. A non-monotonic relation between the resistance of concrete and the percentage of crushed aggregate present in it is obtained, with an optimum ratio depending on the physical properties of the grains.