An estimate of maximum ground surface motion for non zero surface velocityEstimation du mouvement sismique maximal à la surface du sol pour une celerite d'ondes non nulle en surface

The increasing need for probability seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) of critical facilities sometimes leads to unrealistic earthquake scenarios with very high induced ground motions. From a physical standpoint these high motions cannot exist because of the limiting resistance capacity of the soil strata through which the seismic waves travel. A simple analytical model is proposed to bound the maximum ground surface acceleration that any soil deposit can transfer. This model is an extension to non zero ground surface velocity of a previously presented model. To cite this article: A. Pecker, C. R. Mecanique 332 (2004).     

An estimate of maximum ground surface motionEstimation du mouvement sismique maximal à la surface du sol

The increasing need for probability seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) of critical facilities sometimes leads to unrealistic earthquake scenarios with very high induced ground motions. From a physical standpoint these high motions cannot exist because of the limiting resistance capacity of the soil strata through which the seismic waves travel. A simple analytical model is proposed to estimate a bound to the maximum ground surface acceleration that any soil deposit can transfer. To cite this article: A. Pecker, C. R. Mecanique 331 (2003).     

Encapsulation of Bromothymol Blue pH‐Indicator into a Sol‐Gel Matrix

Transparent monolithic silica doping with bromothymol blue has been prepared by the acid catalyzed sol‐gel reaction of tetraethylorthosilicate in the presence of bromothymol blue. The immobilized bromothymol blue shows behavior similar to its solution counterpart. It retains its structure during the sol‐gel reactions in terms of response to pH. Polarized light microscopy has indicated that the bromothymol blue molecules are strongly interacted within the host silica network. The immobilization of bromothymol blue into sol‐gel matrix could be used as a solid indicator.     

A Study on Liquid Hybrid Material for Waveguides—Synthesis and Property of PSQ‐Ls for Waveguides

Silicate‐based inorganic‐organic hybrid polymer systems have many unique properties including thermal stability and photo‐stability, chemical resistance with the combination of tunable optical properties. Two kinds of new UV‐patternable hybrid materials PSQ‐Ls were synthesized by a sol‐gel process at room temperature, which can be used for low cost fabrication of optical waveguides. Thick films (up to 8.31 µm) can be coated by a single spin‐coating process without any cracking and the average surface roughness (Ra), detected by atomic force microscopy (AFM), is below 0.5 nm. The optical properties (refractive index, birefringence, and optical loss at 1310 nm and 1550 nm, respectively) of the PSQ‐Ls films are investigated by a prism coupler. The refractive index of PSQ‐Ls can be exactly tuned from 1.4483 to 1.5212 by blending PSQ‐LH (n_TE=1.5212 @ 1310 nm) and PSQ‐LL (n_TE=1.4483 @ 1310 nm). The maximum refractive index contrast is about 4.8%. After post‐baking, birefringences of the films are below 0.0005 and optical losses are about 0.2 dB · cm^?1 at 1310 nm, 0.7 dB · cm^?1 at 1550 nm, respectively. Furthermore, the PSQ‐Ls films also show outstanding thermal stability in air atmospheres.     

Polymerization of Acrylonitrile with Ceric lon-2-Propanethiol as Initiator System

The kinetics of the polymerization of arylonitrile with ceric ammonium sulfate in the presence of 2-propanethiol as the redox initiator system in aqueous solution has been investigated. The rate of polymerization was found to be proportional to the square root of both ceric ion and thiol concentrations, and the monomer exponent was close to 1.5. Spectral studies indicated that there is a complex formation between ceric ion and the monomer acrylonitrile. A kinetic scheme, based on initial formation of this complex and its subsequent reaction with the thiol to produce the free radicals (RS.) responsible for initiation has been postulated to account for the observed results. The activation energy and different kinetic and transfer constants for the system have also been evaluated.     

不同nCu2+:nCit3-的Cu(Ⅱ)-Cit3--SiO2溶胶中电沉积制备CuxO-SiO2复合薄膜

以醋酸铜(Cu(Ac)₂)和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体,柠檬酸钠(Na₃Cit)为配合剂,在室温下制备出物质的量之比n_Cu²⁺:n_Cit^3-为1:1和1:2的两种透明稳定的Cu(Ⅱ)-Cit^3--SiO₂复合溶胶。以此为电解液,采用恒电位方法,在ITO阴极上直接制备出了Cu_xO-SiO₂复合薄膜。CV(循环伏安)和XRD(X射线衍射)结果表明,在低过电位和高过电位分别得到Cu₂O-SiO₂和Cu/Cu₂O-SiO₂薄膜。XRD和EDX(X射线散射能谱)结果表明,相同沉积条件下,n_Cu²⁺:n_Cit^3-为1:1溶胶中得到的薄膜中Cu含量较1:2溶胶中的高。薄膜在两种溶胶中的电化学形成机理不同,其原因在于溶胶中Cu(Ⅱ)存在的形式不同。CA(计时安培)和SEM(扫描电镜)结果一致表明,Cu和Cu₂O在两种溶胶中的成核机理与电位有关,随着过电位增大,成核机理从三维连续成核逐渐转向瞬时成核。     

ZrO2纳米粒子原位杂化PVDF膜的制备及其抗污染性能

针对传统聚合物膜抗污染性差的问题,本文从杂化膜结构设计出发,提出将ZrO2纳米粒子的原位制备和聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)相转化成膜过程有机结合的制膜新方法.该方法将阴离子交换树脂引入到N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,以氧氯化锆为原料,利用阴离子交换树脂提供的―OH与无机盐的阴离子进行交换,得到ZrO2纳米粒子均匀分散的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶胶体系.随后将PVDF聚合物溶解到所得的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶胶体系中,获得均一、透明的铸膜液.利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对杂化膜中锆的存在状态和分散性能进行了表征.结果表明,ZrO2纳米粒子均匀分散在PVDF基体中,并且形成的纳米粒子的粒径约为10-20 nm.通过粘度、分相速度和膜形态的测定,研究了成膜机理.结果表明,ZrO2纳米粒子的引入加速了铸膜液成膜过程的分相速度.杂化膜的亲水性能通过接触角测定仪进行了评价.并选择以牛血清蛋白为代表模拟污染物,考察了杂化超滤膜的抗污染性能.结果表明,原位形成的ZrO2纳米粒子显著提高了膜的亲水性,减少了膜对蛋白质的吸附.这种将ZrO2纳米粒子的原位制备和PVDF相转化成膜过程有机结合的制膜新方法在有机-无机杂化膜的制备领域具有显著意义.     

Gelation Performance of Cationic Gemini Silica Sol with Inorganic Salts and Its Antibacterial Property Analysis

Cationic gemini silica sol (CGSS) was prepared via sol-gel method with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as a precursor and ethylene-bis (octadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (EBODAC) as an additive. Inorganic salts, such as NaCl, KCl, MgCl₂, and CaCl₂ boost the gelation process while FeCl₃ delays this process. Antibacterial ratio of treated cotton achieves 90.6% under the baking condition of 160°C for 3 minutes and warp-wise strength, break elongation and whiteness are less impacted under this baking condition. The antibacterial rate of cotton treated by the sols with vinyl tris (β-methoxyethoxy) silane (VTMES) used as the coupling agent still reached up to 81.2% after washing 30 times.