通过密度函数理论表征炭质吸附剂的孔径分布

通过密度函数理论（DFT-DensityFunctionalTheory）对炭质吸附剂的孔径分布进行了表征。该法以多孔固体上N2吸附分子模型为依据，用一种方法对多孔固体的孔径分布从微孔到大孔范围进行确定。本文用该法对自制的聚丙烯腈活性炭纤维、国产煤质活性炭及日本产活性炭微球等六种炭质吸附剂的孔径分布进行了表征。     

聚合物共混物脆韧转变性能研究 Ⅱ准韧性聚合物共混物脆韧转变的几何模型

给出了分散相粒间基体层厚度Ｔ与分散相粒径（ｄ）、粒径分散度（σ）和分散相体积分数（）的定量关系式．发现σ对Ｔ的影响与有关，不仅Ｔ随σ的增大而增大，而且越大，这种影响越显著．用计算机图像分析仪直接测定了聚氯乙烯／丁腈橡胶、聚丙烯（ＰＰ）／三元乙丙橡胶、ＰＰ／乙烯 醋酸乙烯酯共聚物共混物的Ｔ，发现这三种共混物的Ｔ近似于对数正态分布．理论预示与实验结果很好符合．     

Nd-Fe-B磁体烧结过程晶粒长大行为的研究

定量描述了Nd-Fe-B磁体烧结过程晶粒长大行为，分析了烧结温度、烧结时间、合金粉末粒度及其分布对烧结过程晶粒长大的影响，讨论了烧结过程晶粒长大机制。在Nd-Fe-B磁体烧结过程开始之后的0—1h时间区段，晶粒长大迅速；随着烧结时间的延长，晶粒长大速度减小。合金粉末平均粒度增大，或者合金粉末粒度分布范围增宽，显著促进Nd-Fe-B磁体烧结过程中晶粒的长大。在Nd-Fe-B磁体的烧结过程中，存在两类晶粒长大机制，即Nd2Fe14B颗粒的溶解与析出、Nd2Fe14B颗粒的并合与长大。Nd2Fe14B颗粒的并合与长大不仅使磁体的平均晶粒尺寸增大，也使晶粒尺寸分布范围增宽，是烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体显微组织中出现异常大晶粒的根本原因。     

Estimation of the size of liposomes by modified HDC

Internal calibration in modified hydrodynamic chromatography has been realized by the approach of Prieve and Hoysan, i.e. the use of polystyrene monodisperse latexes to evaluate the equivalent capillary radius, R. The value obtained has been used to estimate the average sizes of a variety of liposome samples from egg yolk lecithin.     

Preparation of Small Particle Sized ZnAl-Hydrotalcite-Like Compounds by Ultrasonic Crystallization

Ultrasonic technology has been intensively studied recently due to its special features. In this paper, an ultrasonic crystallization method was introduced for the preparation of ZnAl-Hydrotalcite-Like compounds (ZnAl-HTLcs). Samples with high crystallinity, small particle size and narrow particle size distribution were obtained and fully characterized using conventional techniques of XRD, FT-IR and TGDTA. The results prove that both ultrasonic frequency and ultrasonic power have effects on the sizes of the product particles. By varying the ultrasonic power from 250 W to 88 W, with the ultrasonic frequency fixed at 59 kHz, the median particle size of the samples increased from 0.37 μm to 0.82 μm. By altering the hydrothermal treatment time from 1 h to 5 h at 110℃, the median particle size of ZnAl-HTLcs synthesized via ultrasonic crystallization increased from 0.88 μm to 1.11 μm.     

聚偏氟乙烯取向薄膜的结晶形态

本文用小角激光散射法研究了聚偏氟乙烯薄膜在拉伸取向过程中晶体形态及结构的变化。拉伸使球晶形变为椭球,同时伴随着局部熔融与重结晶过程,散射图案由原来的四叶瓣发展为八叶瓣。红外测量及X-射线衍射分析表明,拉伸引起分子链构象改变,使晶型发生了转变。     

Electrochemistry of capillary systems with narrow pores. IV. Dialysis potentials

The dialysis potentials of different collodion membranes with graded pore sizes and electrochemical activities have been measured in dilute aqueous KCl solutions as functions of concentration. It is possible to predict the value of the diffusion potential within a few millivolts on the basis of electrical conductivity data obtained with the same membranes. In general, the measured values are lower than those calculated. It is assumed that this difference is caused by the membranes having a distribution of pore sizes.     

Cationic amino-containing N-isopropyl- acrylamide–styrene copolymer latex particles: 1-Particle size and morphology vs. polymerization process

 Cationic hydrophilic copolymer latexes were synthesized at 70 °C either by batch or two-step emulsifier-free emulsion poly-merization of styrene (St), N-iso-propylacrylamide (NIPAM), and aminoethylmethacrylate hydro-chloride (AEM) using 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride as initiator. At first, batch polymerization kinetics were followed by gas chromatography (GC), revealing that NIPAM rapidly homopolymerized, before the polymerization of styrene had started. Particle size analysis by quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that monodispersed particles were obtained with the formation of a poly[NIPAM] rich shell. Adding a small amount of the cationic monomer caused a strong decrease of the particle size without affecting the size monodispersity. When a shot process was used, a narrow particle size distribution was maintained, provided that the monomer addition was performed at a relatively high conversion of the first batch step. The poly[NIPAM] rich shell layer was larger with the shot process, but increasing the amino-containing monomer in the recipe resulted in a dramatic decrease of the thickness. Combination of transmission, scanning and atomic force microscopy techniques showed that these hydrophilic particles exhibited odd-shaped structures, the unevenness being dependent upon the performed process. Kinetic data and particle morphology information were inferred for discussion of the polymerization mechanism of this system. Received: 21 August 1997 Accepted: 22 October 1997     

CdS/SiO2复合材料的低频Raman散射研究

对用溶胶凝胶法制备的ＣｄＳ／ＳｉＯ２复合材料进行低频Ｒａｍａｎ散射研究，结果表明可从其低频Ｒａｍａｎ散射峰位计算出ＣｄＳ微晶的粒径，两种不同的低频振动模式由激发光的两种偏振方向加以区分，低频Ｒａｍａｎ散射射的二级散射峰根据实验结果加以指认，所得平均粒径结果与透射电镜观察结果有较好的对应关系，复合材料吸收光谱吸收边蓝移与ＣｄＳ纳米子粒径之间存在着密切的关系，实验证明，样品吸收边能量与ＣｄＳ平均粒径的     

Microgels and ionic associations in solutions of cellulose diacetate

Solutions of cellulose diacetate (CDA) from two sources (cotton linters and wood pulp Floranier) were analysed in various solvents by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Without special precautions, the SEC chromatograms presented three peaks — or prehumps — before the main polymer peak. The first prehump which could be eliminated by ultracentrifugation corresponded to microgels whose sugar composition was determined. These microgels were also investigated by electron microscopy, X-ray and electron diffraction analysis. They corresponded mainly to cellulose triacetate (CTA-II) in the case of CDA from cotton linters and a mixture of CTA-II and xylan diacetate (XDA) in the case of CDA from the wood pulp Floranier. The second and third prehumps could be attributed to ionic effects corresponding to the association of remaining sulfate groups on the CDA molecules with residual calcium. It was found that these ionic effects could be eliminated by the addition of LiBr or LiCl to the elution solvents. This led to chromatograms devoid of prehumps.Presented in part at the Cellulose '91 meeting in New Orleans.