煤浆电解制氢的动力学研究

研究了煤浆电解过程中电压、温度、H₂SO₄浓度、Fe³⁺浓度等因素的影响,并进行了电解前后煤粉样品的热重测试和电解后溶液的成分分析。结果表明,电压、温度、添加的Fe³⁺浓度、H₂SO₄浓度等参数对电解过程的电流密度有较大影响。其中,温度对电流密度的影响符合阿伦尼乌斯方程,在电解电压1 V条件下煤浆电解活化能为31.87 kJ/mol。TGA和ICP分析表明,电解后煤中的部分金属离子溶入溶液,导致结构和灰分成分发生了较显著的变化。     

Estimation of a parameter of Morgenstern type bivariate exponential distribution by ranked set sampling

Ranked set sampling is applicable whenever ranking of a set of sampling units can be done easily by a judgement method or based on the measurement of an auxiliary variable on the units selected. In this work, we consider ranked set sampling, in which ranking of units are done based on measurements made on an easily and exactly measurable auxiliary variable X which is correlated with the study variable Y. We then estimate the mean of the study variate Y by the BLUE based on the measurements made on the units of the ranked set sampling regarding the study variable Y, when (X ,Y) follows a Morgenstern type bivariate exponential distribution. We then consider unbalanced multistage ranked set sampling and estimate the mean of the study variate Y by the BLUE based on the observations made on the units of multistage ranked set sample regarding the study variable Y. Efficiency comparison is also made on all estimators considered in this work.     

A simple mathematical model for seasonal planktonic blooms

We show how the inclusion of the defense strategy by different species can alter the prediction of simple models. One of the defense strategy by the phytoplankton population against their grazer is the release of toxic chemicals. In turn the zooplankton population reduces there predation rate over toxin producing phytoplankton (TPP) to protect themselves from those toxic chemicals. Thus, when the level of toxicity is high, the grazing pressure is low and when the level of toxicity is low or when the toxin is absent, the grazing pressure is high. Here we have considered a TPP–zooplankton system where the rate of toxin liberation and the predation rate vary with zooplankton abundance. We observe that our proposed model has the potential to show different dynamical behaviour that are similar to that seen in real‐world situations. Further, we consider three different functional forms for the distribution of the toxins and compare them using latin hypercube sampling technique and found that the functional forms seem to have no effect in determining the final outcome of the system. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modular Breath Analyzer (MBA): Introduction of a Breath Analyzer Platform Based on an Innovative and Unique,Modular eNose Concept for Breath Diagnostics and Utilization of Calibration Transfer Methods in Breath Analysis Studies

Exhaled breath analysis for early disease detection may provide a convenient method for painless and non-invasive diagnosis. In this work, a novel, compact and easy-to-use breath analyzer platform with a modular sensing chamber and direct breath sampling unit is presented. The developed analyzer system comprises a compact, low volume, temperature-controlled sensing chamber in three modules that can host any type of resistive gas sensor arrays. Furthermore, in this study three modular breath analyzers are explicitly tested for reproducibility in a real-life breath analysis experiment with several calibration transfer (CT) techniques using transfer samples from the experiment. The experiment consists of classifying breath samples from 15 subjects before and after eating a specific meal using three instruments. We investigate the possibility to transfer calibration models across instruments using transfer samples from the experiment under study, since representative samples of human breath at some conditions are difficult to simulate in a laboratory. For example, exhaled breath from subjects suffering from a disease for which the biomarkers are mostly unknown. Results show that many transfer samples of all the classes under study (in our case meal/no meal) are needed, although some CT methods present reasonably good results with only one class.     

Reliability tests for Weibull distribution with variational shape parameter based on sudden death lifetime data

In the traditional design of reliability tests for assuring the mean time to failure (MTTF) in Weibull distribution with shape and scale parameters, it has been assumed that the shape parameter in the acceptable and rejectable populations is the same fixed number. For the purpose of expanding applicability of the reliability testing, Hisada and Arizono have developed a reliability sampling scheme for assuring MTTF in the Weibull distribution under the conditions that shape parameters in the both populations do not necessarily coincide, and are specified as interval values, respectively. Then, their reliability test is designed using the complete lifetime data. In general, the reliability testing based on the complete lifetime data requires the long testing time. As a consequence, the testing cost becomes sometimes expensive. In this paper, for the purpose of an economical plan of the reliability test, we consider the sudden death procedure for assuring MTTF in Weibull distribution with variational shape parameter.     

均匀设计抽样的一、二阶矩

（７）中给出并研究了均匀设计抽样（ＵＤＳ）及随机化均匀设计（ＲＵＤ）的一些优良性质，作者给出该设计和抽样的一、二阶矩。     

Implementing pure adaptive search for global optimization using Markov chain sampling

The Pure Adaptive Search (PAS) algorithm for global optimization yields a sequence of points, each of which is uniformly distributed in the level set corresponding to its predecessor. This algorithm has the highly desirable property of solving a large class of global optimization problems using a number of iterations that increases at most linearly in the dimension of the problem. Unfortunately, PAS has remained of mostly theoretical interest due to the difficulty of generating, in each iteration, a point uniformly distributed in the improving feasible region. In this article, we derive a coupling equivalence between generating an approximately uniformly distributed point using Markov chain sampling, and generating an exactly uniformly distributed point with a certain probability. This result is used to characterize the complexity of a PAS-implementation as a function of (a) the number of iterations required by PAS to achieve a certain solution quality guarantee, and (b) the complexity of the sampling algorithm used. As an application, we use this equivalence to show that PAS, using the so-called Random ball walk Markov chain sampling method for generating nearly uniform points in a convex region, can be used to solve most convex programming problems in polynomial time.     

一种双扰动数量特征随机化问答策略

本文给出一种双扰动随机化回答模型.理论上扰动变量的引入会降低随机化调查的效率,本文使用两个设计参数设计了一种合理的双扰动变量随机化问答技术,在不降低装置对个体保护度的情况下,得出的结论表明,使用两个扰动变量可以提高调查装置的效率.通过数值模拟验证了本文模型的效率优于Bar-Lev,Bobovitch和Boukai 2004年单扰动回答模型的效率.     

CE模型下指数分布步加试验的贝叶斯估计

本文利用Gibbs抽样法得到了CE模型下指数分布场合步进应力加速寿命试验的多层Bayes参数估计,最后通过模拟比较表明多层Bayes估计比最大似然估计更加有效而实用。     

Research into conditions of quantitivity in the determination of carboniles in complex air matrices by adsorptive solid phase microextraction

This study focuses on certain aspects of the quantitivity of adsorptive solid phase microextraction when applied in the form of on-fibre derivatisation with O-(2,3,4,5,6)-pentafluorobenzyl-hydroxylamine hydrochloride (PFBHA) for the determination of carboniles in air samples of relevance in the atmosphere. The study was performed in the high-volume outdoor atmospheric simulation chambers (EUPHORE) located in Valencia (Spain). At short sampling times, the adsorption profiles obtained when only benzaldehyde was inserted in the chamber coincided with those obtained when other carbonylic compounds were also introduced at the same concentration, and this was also the case when the concentration of all the gaseous mixture components was increased considerably from one experiment to another. In a number of experiments applying different conditions, it was proven that all the extraction profiles belonged to the same regression when the fibre responses were plotted against the concentration-time product. A number of calibrations were obtained for benzaldehyde introduced in the chamber alone and in a mixture with three other carboniles at similar concentration values. A statistical test is applied to confirm that they all belonged to the same regression since they shared homogeneous variances. After these tests, the method of SPME on-fibre derivatisation for the determination of carboniles was considered to be safely applicable to quantification. Moreover, the concentration levels at which certain unwanted effects, i.e., displacement, saturation and competition, were observed are a few orders of magnitude higher than their occurrence levels in atmospheric processes.