Rolling velocity and relative motion of particle detector in local granular flow

The velocity of a particle detector in granular flow can be regarded as the combination of rolling and sliding velocities. The study of the contribution of rolling velocity and sliding velocity provides a new explanation to the relative motion between the detector and the local granular flow. In this study, a spherical detector using embedded inertial navigation technology is placed in the chute granular flow to study the movement of the detector relative to the granular flow. It is shown by particle image velocimetry (PIV) that the velocity of chute granular flow conforms to Silbert's formula. And the velocity of the detector is greater than that of the granular flow around it. By decomposing the velocity into sliding and rolling velocity, it is indicated that the movement of the detector relative to the granular flow is mainly caused by rolling. The rolling detail shown by DEM simulation leads to two potential mechanisms based on the position and drive of the detector.     

晶界内耗的研究

晶界内耗是中国科学家葛庭燧开创的一个研究领域．以往晶界内耗的研究主要是用多晶试样进行的．最近作者用不同取向差的双晶试样研究了单个晶界的内耗，取得了一些新的结果．文章综述了研究晶界内耗的意义以及新近的进展．     

Friction phenomena in a two-dimensional Frenkel-Kontorova model

By using the molecular dynamic simulation method with a fourth-order Runge--Kutta algorithm, a two-dimensional dc- and ac-driven Frenkel--Kontorova (FK) model with a square symmetry substrate potential for a square lattice layer has been investigated in this paper. For this system, the effects of many different parameters on the average velocity and the static friction force have been studied. It is found that not only the amplitude and frequency of ac-driven force, but also the direction of the external driving force and the misfit angle between two layers have some strong influences on the static friction force. It can be concluded that the superlubricity phenomenon appears easily with a larger ac amplitude and lower ac frequency for some special direction of the external force and misfit angle.     

剪切作用下Cu(100)扭转晶界塑性行为研究

本文采用分子动力学方法研究了在剪切载荷作用下,Cu(100)扭转晶界对Cu柱屈服强度的影响.模拟结果发现,在加载过程中,低角度扭转晶界形成的位错网发生位错形核与扩展,位错之间的塞积作用提高了Cu柱的屈服强度;对于高角度扭转晶界,晶界发生滑动降低了Cu柱的屈服强度.同时发现,随着扭转角度的增加,Cu柱的屈服强度先增大,当扭转角度大于临界角度时,Cu柱的屈服应力逐渐减小.这表明剪切载荷作用下,两种不同的机理主导Cu柱的屈服,对于小于临界角度的扭转晶界,Cu柱的屈服由晶界位错形核和扩展机理主导,对于大于临界角度 关键词： 扭转晶界 分子动力学 位错形核 晶界滑移     

路径对摩擦力做功的影响

本文通过讨论两种临界情况下摩擦力所做的功的变化情况，进一步阐明非保守力做的功与路径有关．     

无滑动滚动时的摩擦力

通过一个演示实验 ,分析论证了纯滚动刚体所受摩擦力为静摩擦力 ,静摩擦力与物体的运动状态有关 ,与接触面性质无关 .     

Numerical simulation of two-dimensional granular shearing flows and the friction force of a moving slab on the granular media

This paper studies some interesting features of two-dimensional granular shearing flow by using molecular dynamic approach for a specific granular system.The obtained results show that the probability distribution function of velocities of particles is Gaussian at the central part,but diverts from Gaussian distribution nearby the wall.The macroscopic stress along the vertical direction has large fluctuation around a constant value,the non-zero average velocity occurs mainly near the moving wall,which forms a shearing zone.In the shearing movement,the volume of the granular material behaves in a random manner.The equivalent friction coefficient between moving slab and granular material correlates with the moving speed at low velocity,and approaches constant as the velocity is large enough.     

基于自适应主动及滑模控制的分数阶超混沌系统异结构反同步

以超混沌Chen系统和超混沌Lorenz系统为例,研究了慢时变参数超混沌系统的反同步问题.首先利用主动控制的思想,消去超混沌系统中的非线性部分,然后基于Lyapunov稳定性理论,合理地选取参数自适应控制律,很好的解决了时变参数的参数摄动问题,从而实现了两个超混沌系统的反同步.在此基础之上,又进一步研究了分数阶超混沌系统,使用滑模控制方法对其进行控制,理论上分析了该方法的可行性.数值模拟实验进一步验证了所提出方法的有效性. 关键词： 超混沌 分数阶 自适应 滑模     

Scaling study of the combustion performance of gasben gas rocket injectors

To obtain the key subelements that may influence the scaling of gas-gas injector combustor performance, the combustion performance subelements in a liquid propellant rocket engine combustor are initially analysed based on the results of a previous study on the scaling of a gas-gas combustion flowfield. Analysis indicates that inner wall friction loss and heat-flux loss are two key issues in gaining the scaling criterion of the combustion performance. The similarity conditions of the inner wall friction loss and heat-flux loss in a gas-gas combustion chamber are obtained by theoretical analyses. Then the theoretical scaling criterion was obtained for the combustion performance, but it proved to be impractical. The criterion conditions, the wall friction and the heat flux are further analysed in detail to obtain the specific engineering scaling criterion of the combustion performance. The results indicate that when the inner flowfields in the combustors are similar, the combustor wall shear stress will have similar distributions qualitatively and will be directly proportional to p_c^0.8 d_t^-0.2 quantitatively. In addition, the combustion peformance will remain unchanged. Furthermore, multi-element injector chambers with different geometric sizes and at different pressures are numerically simulated and the wall shear stress and combustion efficiencies are solved and compared with each other. A multi-element injector chamber is designed and hot-fire tested at several chamber pressures and the combustion performances are measured in a total of nine hot-fire tests. The numerical and experimental results verified the similarities among combustor wall shear stress and combustion performances at different chamber pressures and geometries, with the criterion applied.     

快冷Fe_(71)Al_(29)合金中的两个内耗峰

用一个计算机控制的倒扭摆研究了快冷Fe71 Al2 9合金中的两个内耗峰 .在快冷的Fe71 Al2 9样品中分别在 180℃(P1 ) ,340℃ (P2 )和 5 10℃ (P3)出现了内耗峰 ,而在慢冷的Fe71 Al2 9样品中只发现了P3峰 .快冷样品中的P1 和P2峰在从 6 5 0℃冷却下来的测量过程中或在 35 0℃经过较长时间的时效后消失 ,其峰高随时效时间的增加而下降 ,直至消失 .P1 和P2 峰都有弛豫特征 ,它们的激活能分别为 :H1 =1.0 3± 0 .0 8eV(P1 峰 ) ;H2 =1.6 4± 0 .0 5eV(P2 峰 ) .P1 峰被认为是无序合金中Al原子在四面体点阵内的最近邻运动所引起 ,P2 峰则是无序合金中Al原子在四面体点阵内的次近邻运动所引起