基于和频与差频级联的全光单光子波长变换

基于周期极化铌酸锂波导,提出了一种采用和频产生与差频产生级联的全光单光子波长变换方案.在海森堡绘景下,通过非线性变换过程的哈密顿量求解了目标单光子信号的湮灭算子,进而根据变换前后的光子数算符之比得到了单光子波长变换的效率.分析了和频产生过程以及差频产生过程中单光子的转换效率与泵浦功率之间的关系,证明了存在最佳泵浦功率使得量子态能够完全转移.数值分析结果表明,当上变换(和频产生)泵浦光功率为65 mW、下变换(差频产生)泵浦光功率为150 mW时,由1550 nm到1530 nm的单光子波长变换可达到61％的转换效率.给出了级联单光子波长变换的实验装置,包括周期极化铌酸锂波导、泵浦激光、准单光子信号源、滤波等光学元器件、单光子探测器和同步线路.     

超导单光子探测技术

单光子探测是弱光测量技术的核心,在量子信息、物理、生物、化学和天文学领域具有关键性的作用。传统以光电倍增管或雪崩二极管为基础的单光子探测器的低灵敏度和高暗计数限制了信噪比的提高,低计数率限制了测量速度和动态范围。本文综述了以超导材料作为光敏感器件的单光子探测技术,其量子效率、暗计数率和计数率远高于传统的单光子探测器,它们的出现势必给单光子测量相关学科带来巨大影响。     

超导纳米线单光子探测系统的时间抖动

超导纳米线单光子探测(SNSPD)器件具有较低的时间抖动特性,可以实现低误码率的QKD和高精度的激光测距。文中对超导纳米线单光子探测系统的时间抖动进行了详细的分析和测量,分析了SNSPD系统各部分对系统抖动的贡献。使用时间相关的单光子计数技术(TCSPC)和示波器的抖动分析软件,分别测量了SNSPD系统的时间抖动,比较了两种方法的优劣。在两种测量方法下,系统总的时间抖动分别约为42ps和31ps,计算后得到单光子探测器件的抖动约为25ps。发现放大器的性能对系统时间抖动影响明显。通过使用不同放大器比较分析了测量得到的时间抖动。     

Near‐Infrared Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Low‐Energy Gap Oligomers Copolymerized into a High‐Gap Polymer Host

Near‐infrared (NIR) polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) based on a fluorene–dioctyloxyphenylene wide‐gap host material copolymerized with a low‐gap emitter are presented. Various loadings (1, 2.5, 10, 20 mol%) of the low‐gap emitter are studied, with higher loadings leading to decreased efficiencies likely due to aggregation effects. While the 10 mol% loading resulted in almost pure NIR emission (>99.6%), the 1 mol% loading yielded optimum device performance, which is among the best reported to date for a unblended single‐layer pure polymer emitter, with an external quantum efficiencies of 0.04% emitting at 909 nm. The high spectral purity of the PLEDs combined with their performance support the methodology of copolymerization as an effective strategy for developing NIR PLEDs.

     

Quantum key distribution in 50-km optic fibers

The unique property of quantum cryptography (QC) is that the secret keys are ex-changed through a quantum channel where the information is encoded with sin-gle-quanta (usually single-photons)[1]. And quantum cryptography has been proved to be the only absolutely safe cryptography whose security is guaranteed by the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics[1,2]. In a practical system of single-photon quantum key distribution, polarization cod-ing and phase coding are often used[3]. The polar…     

Hyper Rayleigh Scattering Yields Improved Response Function in Analysing 2-Photon Excited Fluorescence

An accurate instrumental response function is needed to conclusively deconvolute fluorescence data based on time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) and multiphoton excitation. Routinely the response function is measured as Rayleigh scattering (RS) from a colloidal solution, even if the excitation is a multiphoton event. Present work demonstrates that a response function obtained as hyper Rayleigh scattering (HRS) provides a better choice for deconvolution of 2-photon excited fluorescence decays. The 1- and 2-photon response functions were monitored as RS and HRS from colloidal gold particles at 800 and 400 nm, respectively.     

门控下InGaAs/InP单光子探测器用于符合测量的时域滤波特性研究

基于砷化镓/磷化铟雪崩光电二极管(InGaAs/InP APD)的半导体单光子探测器因工作在通信波段,且具有体积小、成本低、操作方便等优势,在实用化量子通信技术中发挥了重要作用.为尽可能避免暗计数和后脉冲对单光子探测的影响,InGaAs/InP单光子探测器广泛采用门控技术来快速触发和淬灭雪崩效应,有效门宽通常在纳秒量级.本文研究揭示了门控下单光子探测器可测量的最大符合时间宽度受限于门控脉冲的宽度,理论分析与实验结果良好拟合.该研究表明,门控下InGaAs/InP单光子探测器用于双光子符合测量具有显著的时域滤波特性,限制了其在基于双光子时间关联测量的量子信息技术中的应用.     

用单光子计数系统测量长余辉材料的发光

本文介绍了单光子计数技术的基本原理,并通过对长余辉发光材料余辉衰减的测量,说明了单光子计数在精确测量弱光衰减过程中的优点。     

High-Speed Quantum Transducer with a Single-Photon Emitter in a 2D Resonator

Quantum transducers can transfer quantum information between different systems. Microwave–optical photon conversion is important for future quantum networks to interconnect remote superconducting quantum computers with optical fibers. Here, a high-speed quantum transducer based on a single-photon emitter in an atomically thin membrane resonator, that can couple single microwave photons to single optical photons, is proposed. The 2D resonator is a freestanding van der Waals heterostructure (which may consist of hexagonal boron nitride, graphene, or other 2D materials) that hosts a quantum emitter. The mechanical vibration (phonon) of the 2D resonator interacts with optical photons by shifting the optical transition frequency of the single-photon emitter with strain or the Stark effect. The mechanical vibration couples to microwave photons by shifting the resonant frequency of an LC circuit that includes the membrane. Thanks to the small mass of the 2D resonator, both the single-photon optomechanical coupling strength and the electromechanical coupling strength can reach the strong coupling regime. This provides a way for high-speed quantum state transfer between a microwave photon, a phonon, and an optical photon.     

基于泊松分布单光子源的量子误码率的分析

在自由空间量子密钥分配中,单光子源采用具有泊松分布的高度衰减激光脉冲,量子密码术协议采用BB84和B92协议。通过引入量子信道传输率、单光子捕获概率、测量因子和数据筛选因子,建立了量子误码率理论模型,给出了量子误码率的表达式。对于自由空间量子信道,引起量子误码率的主要因素是光学元件、探测器暗噪声和空间光学环境,并对这些因素进行了分析。针对低轨卫星_地面站间链路,进行了量子误码率的数值仿真研究。结果表明,在低轨卫星_地面站间进行量子密钥分配是可行的,限制自由空间量子密钥分配链路距离的主要因素是探测器暗噪声和空间光学环境。