Applications of Titanium Dioxide Nanostructure in Stomatology

Breakthroughs in the field of nanotechnology, especially in nanochemistry and nanofabrication technologies, have been attracting much attention, and various nanomaterials have recently been developed for biomedical applications. Among these nanomaterials, nanoscale titanium dioxide (nano-TiO₂) has been widely valued in stomatology due to the fact of its excellent biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, and photocatalytic activity as well as its potential use for applications such as dental implant surface modification, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, drug delivery carrier, dental material additives, and oral tumor diagnosis and treatment. However, the biosafety of nano-TiO₂ is controversial and has become a key constraint in the development of nano-TiO₂ applications in stomatology. Therefore, in this review, we summarize recent research regarding the applications of nano-TiO₂ in stomatology, with an emphasis on its performance characteristics in different fields, and evaluations of the biological security of nano-TiO₂ applications. In addition, we discuss the challenges, prospects, and future research directions regarding applications of nano-TiO₂ in stomatology that are significant and worthy of further exploration.     

LBO晶体超光滑表面抛光机理

胶体SiO2抛光LBO晶体获得无损伤的超光滑表面,结合前人对抛光机理的认识,探讨了超光滑表面抛光的材料去除机理,分析了化学机械抛光中的原子级材料去除机理.在此基础上,对胶体SiO2抛光LBO晶体表面材料去除机理和超光滑表面的形成进行了详细的描述,研究抛光液的pH值与材料去除率和表面粗糙度的关系.LBO晶体超光滑表面抛光的材料去除机理是抛光液与晶体表面的活泼原子层发生化学反应形成过渡的软质层,软质层在磨料和抛光盘的作用下很容易被无损伤的去除.酸性条件下,随抛光液pH值的减小抛光材料的去除率增大;抛光液pH值为4时,获得最好的表面粗糙度.     

钾明矾蓄热性能的研究与改善

钾明矾(KAl(SO4)2·12H2O)有较高的潜热和良好的导热性(熔化热232.4kJ/kg,导热系数为0.55W/m·K),熔点为91℃,是中低温相变材料中较有开发价值的一种.但是它的过冷度高达19.8℃,并且由于相变过程伴随着结晶水的蒸发使无机盐的使用寿命大大降低.本文通过冷指法及添加成核剂的方法对硫酸铝钾的过冷现象进行了研究,结果表明成核剂NiSO4·6H2O、MgCl2·6H2O能较好的改善过冷现象,当MgCl2·6H2O的添加量为2;时可使过冷度降为零,且能保持钾明矾的相变温度而不使其降低.利用MgCl2·6H2O具有很强的吸湿性,可以补充相变过程中损失的水分,使相变材料的使用寿命大大提高.     

硅锗合金Seebeck系数影响因素的研究

作为一种洁净能源,硅锗合金的热电转换性能的研究越来越受到人们的重视.本文重点研究了不同Ge浓度的硅锗合金以及Si、Ge单晶在300～1100K温度范围内,Seebeck系数随温度的变化.并对组分相同导电类型不同、晶向不同以及结晶状态不同的样品的Seebeck系数进行了比较.在研究温度区间,Seebeck系数的绝对值大小一般在200～600μV/K之间,随温度不同连续变化.通过对比发现SiGe合金的Seebeck系数大小不仅与Ge的浓度和温度有关,其他因素对其绝对值也有影响,其中晶向最为明显,表现出了明显的各向异性.此外,材料本身的电阻率除了作为一个热电参数影响最优值外,其大小还对Seebeck系数的绝对值有影响,即掺杂济浓度对Seebeck系数的影响.     

VOCs催化燃烧整体式催化剂及涂层材料研究进展

催化燃烧法是当前处理VOCs最具有发展前景的技术之一,其技术的关键在于催化剂。整体式催化剂具有优异的传质、良好的热稳定性、高比表面积、床层压降低、催化效率高、机械性能好、易于装卸和维修等特点,是目前实现工业VOCs治理最佳的催化剂。本文概述了用于VOCs催化燃烧反应的整体式催化剂及其涂层材料的研究现状,并展望了未来的发展趋势。     

锂离子电池硅基负极材料的研究进展

硅基材料是新一代高容量锂离子蓄电池负极材料的典型代表,近年来已成为理论研究和应用研究的热点.本文介绍了锂离子电池硅基负极材料的制备方法、电化学性能及其研究现状,分析了硅材料作为锂离子电池负极材料存在的问题;讨论了硅材料作为锂离子电池负极材料的研究前景.并指出若能克服目前存在问题,将有望成为新一代锂离子电池负极材料.     

3D-shaping of biodegradable photopolymers for hard tissue replacement

Continuously increasing life expectancy results in a rising number of bone diseases and fractures. Replacements from natural sources are not only limited in their availability, they also have some serious disadvantages such as possible immunological reactions or transmission of diseases. New synthetic biodegradable materials based on photopolymers could be an alternative solution. In these investigations an acrylate-based monomer formulation has been developed, consisting of a biodegradable basis monomer which is derived from gelatin, different reactive diluents, an appropriate photoinitiator and filler materials. For the three-dimensional shaping process stereolithography is the method of choice because of its capability to produce cellular structures with high resolutions.     

3D打印贝壳仿生复合材料的拉伸力学行为

采用硬质和软质双组分材料,通过调控两种基体材料的装配夹角,采用光固化3D打印技术制备了不同装配方式的仿贝壳珍珠层复合材料,开展了准静态拉伸实验,结合扫描电镜观察,分析了其拉伸力学性能、断裂及能量耗散机理。研究结果表明,保持胞元边长不变,随着面内装配角度增加,仿贝壳珍珠层复合材料的强度呈线性增加趋势,断裂应变呈线性减小的趋势;随着面外装配角度增大,断裂应变呈线性减小趋势,而强度在面外装配角小于45°时呈增强趋势,超过45°时趋于稳定;面外装配角度为45°时,材料的强度达到最大值。试样在断裂前主要通过硬质材料的拔出、软/硬相界面处微裂纹的生成及微裂纹在扩展过程中的合并和偏转等方式耗散能量。     

功能梯度材料板件三维分析的半解析梯度有限元法

将半解析有限元与梯度有限元相结合,形成一种半解析梯度有限元来求解功能梯度材料板件问题。该方法兼有有限元法的适应性强、程序统一,半解析有限元法的节省单元与计算工作量,梯度有限元法的适应构件内部材料性能任意梯度分布等特点,并实现用一维数值计算给出构件三维分析结果。算例分析表明了方法的精度、功能与上述特点,充分揭示了功能梯度材料板件力学响应的三维形态。半解析梯度有限元法可推广应用到其他功能梯度材料面结构的各类分析中。     

Improvement of Biological Effects of Root-Filling Materials for Primary Teeth by Incorporating Sodium Iodide

Therapeutic iodoform (CHI₃) is commonly used as a root-filling material for primary teeth; however, the side effects of iodoform-containing materials, including early root resorption, have been reported. To overcome this problem, a water-soluble iodide (NaI)-incorporated root-filling material was developed. Calcium hydroxide, silicone oil, and NaI were incorporated in different weight proportions (30:30:X), and the resulting material was denoted DX (D5~D30), indicating the NaI content. As a control, iodoform instead of NaI was incorporated at a ratio of 30:30:30, and the material was denoted I30. The physicochemical (flow, film thickness, radiopacity, viscosity, water absorption, solubility, and ion releases) and biological (cytotoxicity, TRAP, ARS, and analysis of osteoclastic markers) properties were determined. The amount of iodine, sodium, and calcium ion releases and the pH were higher in D30 than I30, and the highest level of unknown extracted molecules was detected in I30. In the cell viability test, all groups except 100% D30 showed no cytotoxicity. In the 50% nontoxic extract, D30 showed decreased osteoclast formation compared with I30. In summary, NaI-incorporated materials showed adequate physicochemical properties and low osteoclast formation compared to their iodoform-counterpart. Thus, NaI-incorporated materials may be used as a substitute for iodoform-counterparts in root-filling materials after further (pre)clinical investigation.