Einsteinian gravity from a topological action

The curvature-squared model of gravity, in the affine form proposed by Weyl and Yang, is deduced from a topological action in 4D. More specifically, we start from the Pontrjagin (or Euler) invariant. Using the BRST antifield formalism with a double duality gauge fixing, we obtain a consistent quantization in spaces of double dual curvature as classical instanton type background. However, exact vacuum solutions with double duality properties exhibit a ‘vacuum degeneracy’. By modifying the duality via a scale breaking term, we demonstrate that only Einstein’s equations with an induced cosmological constant emerge for the topology of the macroscopic background. This may have repercussions on the problem of ‘dark energy’ as well as ‘dark matter’ modeled by a torsion induced quintaxion.     

Is the evidence for dark energy secure?

Several kinds of astronomical observations, interpreted in the framework of the standard Friedmann–Robertson–Walker cosmology, have indicated that our universe is dominated by a Cosmological Constant. The dimming of distant Type Ia supernovae suggests that the expansion rate is accelerating, as if driven by vacuum energy, and this has been indirectly substantiated through studies of angular anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and of spatial correlations in the large-scale structure (LSS) of galaxies. However there is no compelling direct evidence yet for (the dynamical effects of) dark energy. The precision CMB data can be equally well fitted without dark energy if the spectrum of primordial density fluctuations is not quite scale-free and if the Hubble constant is lower globally than its locally measured value. The LSS data can also be satisfactorily fitted if there is a small component of hot dark matter, as would be provided by neutrinos of mass ∼0.5 eV. Although such an Einstein–de Sitter model cannot explain the SNe Ia Hubble diagram or the position of the “baryon acoustic oscillation” peak in the autocorrelation function of galaxies, it may be possible to do so, e.g. in an inhomogeneous Lemaitre–Tolman–Bondi cosmology where we are located in a void which is expanding faster than the average. Such alternatives may seem contrived but this must be weighed against our lack of any fundamental understanding of the inferred tiny energy scale of the dark energy. It may well be an artifact of an oversimplified cosmological model, rather than having physical reality.     

开路光伏空间孤子的动态行为

从理论上研究了开路情况下一维光伏空间孤子的时间演化过程.采用数值方法,通过研究有无背景光辐照下光伏空间亮(暗)孤子的含时空间电荷场,分别得到了光伏空间亮(暗)孤子的孤子波形强度微分方程.在此基础上研究了开路情况下通过增加均匀背景光辐照强度对光伏空间孤子及其半峰全宽的影响.结果显示,通过增加均匀背景光辐照强度,光伏空间孤子随时间的演化过程比没有均匀背景光时加快的倍数为均匀背景光强与暗辐照光强之比.光伏空间孤子的半峰全宽达到稳态所需的时间随孤子峰值强度和暗辐照与均匀背景光强度之和的比值的增大而变短.     

不同响应波长的HgCdTe光导器件噪声分析

研究了不同响应波长的HgCdTe器件在不同背景辐射条件下的噪声变化.随着背景辐射的增加,甚长波器件的噪声减小,而中波器件相反.噪声频谱测量表明,产生-复合噪声分量和1/f噪声分量是器件的主要噪声来源,并且这两个分量随背景的变化趋势相同.非平衡载流子和器件有效寿命的理论分析,表明器件噪声随背景辐射的变化存在一个极大值,而中波和甚长波器件处在不同的作用区域内,接受到的背景辐射对载流子浓度和器件有效寿命的影响不同,从而噪声变化表现不同.在此基础上,提出了"临界背景通量密度"的概念.     

基于背景噪音谱分析的匹配滤波器设计研究

在空间匹配滤波器设计过程中,为抑制输入场景中背景噪音对输出相关平面上相关点的影响,通过比较匹配滤波函数和背景噪音的傅里叶谱,根据两者差值的量级对匹配滤波函数的振幅进行非线性调制,在匹配滤波过程中使设计的空间匹配滤波器对强噪音的傅里叶谱处透过率降低,而尽量保持输入图像傅里叶谱的高透过率,从而增加输出相关平面上的信噪比,实现相关点的正确探测。计算机模拟和实验结果表明：与纯相位匹配滤波器相比其抗噪能力得到较大改善。     

A fast luminosity monitor for BEPCⅡ

The fast luminosity monitor counting the γ photons above a given energy threshold emitted from radiative Bhabha scattering has been operated in the BEPCⅡ to measure the relative luminosity bunch by bunch for the first time and used successfully in beam tuning of BEPCⅡ.In the relative mode the monitor is able to deliver the relative luminosities with an accuracy of 0.8 %.By steering the electron beam while observing the counting rate changes of the monitor the horizontal and vertical sizes of the bunch spots can be estimated as:sxe+ =sxe-=0.356 mm,sye+ =sye-=0.011 mm.     

天空背景辐射亮度测量与研究

天空背景辐射亮度在空间目标探测与识别中有着重要作用,为了对其进行研究,介绍了天空背景辐射参数测量系统,与法国CIMEL公司研制的CE318太阳辐射计进行对比实验,取得了较好的一致性。利用天空背景辐射参数测量系统,在空间某目标过境时段,对其运行轨道上的天空背景辐射亮度参数进行了测量,通过对数据分析与研究,初步得出了该空间目标过境时段轨道上的天空背景辐射亮度参数变化特征,为应用研究提供了重要信息。     

消除强背景辐射干扰的光电探测新方法

 以InSb探测器(PV型)为例, 通过建立载流子输运的动力学模型得到光生电动势与入射光功率密度的函数关系, 提出了一种消除强背景辐射对光电探测的影响的新方法, 并且通过实验证实了这种方法的有效性及其理论模型的合理性。与传统的调零法相比, 该方法精度较高且能适用于更高强度的背景辐射 。     

高频等离子光谱—动态背景校正法分析催化剂中的钯和铂

本文介绍了应用ICP-动态背景校正法测定催化剂中钯和铂的方法。并分析了几个主要元素的光谱干扰情况。     

SN1987A; n-stars, s-stars and the observational evidences

Summary We discuss a SN model with s-matter in the core, compatible with the set of experimental results obtained on SN 1987A by ν-detectors and gravitational antennas.