Charge-dependent correlations in heavy-ion collisions from stochastic hydrodynamics

Charge-dependent correlations from both background and charge separation contribute to experimental observables in heavy-ion collisions. In this paper, we use stochastic hydrodynamics to study background charge asymmetry due to fluctuations. Using the rapidity-dependent correlation and a simple ansatz for particle distributions, we find a fluctuation-induced correlation to provide a type of background F -correlation. Experimental data for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=200\,\mathrm{GeV}$ are compared. We also make predictions for F -correlations in isobar collisions. Combining this with our previous chiral magnetic effect results, we obtain δ -correlations for collisions in the three types of system. Computations from our model show an almost identical background with less than 2% difference for isobars, but roughly 10% difference for their charge separations. In combination with our earlier works, we provide a consistent method of calculating both the chiral magnetic effect and the charged background in the context of stochastic hydrodynamics.     

基于区域奇异性滤波的小目标检测

针对复杂背景下红外运动小目标的检测和跟踪存在的难点,提出了基于SUSAN检测思想的滤波方法。该方法是通过构建局部区域的奇异性函数来计算奇异度的,并借鉴Wiener滤波的思想,由最小绝对差确定出灰度差阈值。该滤波方法达到了抑制背景、提高信噪比的目的。     

多特征融合匹配的多目标跟踪

针对复杂背景的视频图像多目标跟踪遮挡问题,提出了一种多特征融合匹配的多目标跟踪方法。基于自适应高斯混合背景模型重构和更新背景策略,实现当前帧背景减除和多目标检测;采用目标的颜色特征、质心位置、运动速度等特征进行融合匹配跟踪;最后,通过区域辅助判定策略将场景下的目标状态分为目标进入场景、目标退出场景、目标暂消、目标重现、目标融合和分裂5种状态,用质心预测方法和遮挡因子辅助匹配来提高匹配正确率。仿真实验结果表明：采用该方法跟踪同一目标和不同目标的相似度平均值分别为0.949 71和0.505 73,优于单一颜色特征信息匹配;目标遮挡结束后重新匹配相似度为0.972 83,实现了复杂背景下具有表面相似性的多目标实时跟踪。     

Background‐free solution boron NMR spectroscopy

The appearance of background signals arising from the NMR probe and tube is a well‐known problem of boron NMR spectroscopy. Background suppression may be achieved by using DEPTH, which increases the signal‐to‐background (S/B) ratio. Although, the quality of such spectra is often adequate, but in the case of rapid relaxation broadened resonances (T₁ < 1 ms), the residual background signals may still hamper the interpretation of the spectra. It was observed that the background signals are practically invisible in solution ¹⁰B NMR. The unusual isotopic effect on the (S/B) ratio was interpreted as an inherent consequence of the integer versus half‐integer spin of ¹⁰B and ¹¹B, respectively. The practicability of ^10/11B NMR was compared for a selected set of boron compounds covering the typical range of (S/B) ratio. The application of ¹¹B is more favourable than ¹⁰B as long as it is possible to achieve the desired spectral quality by using DEPTH. Otherwise, the ‘background‐free’ appearance of ¹⁰B NMR spectra makes ¹⁰B a reasonable alternative of ¹¹B DEPTH. This was found typical for compounds having relaxation broadened resonances. The variable temperature (VT) NMR study of an adduct formation process was also presented here as an example of the advantage of ¹⁰B over ¹¹B. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The highest background radiation school in the world and the health status of its students and their offspring

Although the average effective human dose from natural background radiation is about 2.4 mSv per year, the students of the Saeid Nafisi school in Ramsar received effective doses of about 250 mSv while studying there for over 5 years. The goal of this project was a retrospective study of the health status of former students of this school and their offspring. The list of the students of the Saeid Nafisi school (high background radiation) and Taleghani and Kashani schools (ordinary background radiation) was provided by the Department of Education. After matching sex, age and socioeconomic level and obtaining their consent, part 1 of the specifically designed questionnaire was filled out by interview, and clinical examinations were recorded in part 2 of the questionnaire by a physician. The data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 16. Our study shows that 88.1 % of general examinations of high background radiation school students were normal as compared with 85.7 % for control group. There were no significant differences. This study is interesting and unique. It reveals that there is no health emergency related to these high radiation doses. We recommend continuing the health supervision of this population in the future.     

A self-consistent multiple-peak structure of the photoemission spectra of metallic Fe 2p as a function of film thickness

The Fe 2p spectrum has a very complex peak structure and a very strong background. Based on the comparison of the spectra for iron film with varying thicknesses, an experimental multiple-peak structure for the metallic Fe 2p spectrum is proposed. The analysis required the use of state-of-the-art background modeling (including the active approach) and peak-fitting methods (including the simultaneous fitting method). A key aspect that allowed for this analysis is that the peak components are the same for various Fe film thicknesses, but with varying relative intensities. The early stages of oxidation are analyzed. The angular dependence of the peak components is also discussed.     

一种基于针孔像分析的光学系统调制传递函数测量的自适应背景校正方法

提出了一种基于针孔像分析的光学系统调制传递函数(MTF)测量自适应背景校正的方法。由CCD显微系统采集针孔目标经被测光学系统成像后的针孔像,计算线扩展函数,并对其进行自适应背景校正,获取MTF。该方法与传统方法相比,消除了周围环境光照变化的影响,提高了测量精度。为验证所提方法的有效性,对标准镜头进行MTF测试,将测试结果与理论设计值比对,测试结果差异极大值为0.01;与美国Optikos公司的测试结果比对,测试结果差异极大值为0.015;对大像差光学系统的轴上和轴外进行MTF测试,并将测试结果与美国Optikos公司测试结果比对,测试结果差异极大值为0.013。实验表明,该方法可满足对不同像差光学系统轴上和轴外MTF的测量。     

层次卷积滤波红外弱小目标检测方法

针对单帧复杂背景红外图像点目标检测算法存在复杂背景下处理效果不理想、处理时间长的问题,提出了一种层次卷积滤波检测算法。主要分为两个部分：第一,根据红外小目标特性,设计一种层次卷积滤波的算子,对图像进行滤波处理,实现图像中小目标的增效和背景抑制的效果;第二,采用基于最大值的自适应阈值方法,对图像进行二值化操作,过滤背景杂波,最终提取到待检测的目标。在大量不同背景红外图像中进行实验,论文算法在背景抑制因子和信噪比增益的性能量化结果上优于现有5种典型红外弱小目标检测算法的性能结果,且平均处理时间仅为高斯拉普拉斯（Laplacian of Gaussian,LoG）滤波算法的30.42%。通过实验对比,表明该层次卷积滤波算法可以有效解决在不同复杂背景下的红外图像中对小目标检测的问题。     

Interactions of Localized Wave Structures on Periodic Backgrounds for the Coupled Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel Equations in Birefringent Optical Fibers

Nonlinear waves on periodic backgrounds play an important role in physical systems. In this study, nonlinear waves that include solitons, breathers, rogue waves, and semi-rational solutions on periodic backgrounds for the coupled Lakshmanan-Porsezian-Daniel equations are investigated. Moreover, the interactions between different types of nonlinear waves are examined and their dynamic behaviors are studied. In particular, it is observed that bright-dark rogue waves interact with bright-dark breathers or solitons on periodic backgrounds, four-petaled breathers interact with two eye-shaped breathers on periodic backgrounds, and a four-petal rogue wave interplays with a rogue wave on periodic backgrounds. Furthermore, it is found that the value of the parameter γ₃ affects the weak and strong interactions of these nonlinear waves. These results may be useful in the study of nonlinear wave dynamics in coupled nonlinear wave models.     

一种针对彩色视频图像中目标检测的改进模型

基于减背景技术提出了一种改进的运动目标检测模型CW4,与原模型W4相比,CW4充分利用了图像的亮度、色度和饱和度等颜色信息,使得目标检测的结果更加准确。在对带有阴影的彩色图像的背景和前景的像素特点进行分析后,还设计了一种带权重的颜色计算模型的阴影去除算法。实验结果表明,基于CW4的算法显著提高了行人检测的精确性,阴影去除算法也能够有效地检测和去除阴影。