一种基于针孔像分析的光学系统调制传递函数测量的自适应背景校正方法

提出了一种基于针孔像分析的光学系统调制传递函数(MTF)测量自适应背景校正的方法。由CCD显微系统采集针孔目标经被测光学系统成像后的针孔像,计算线扩展函数,并对其进行自适应背景校正,获取MTF。该方法与传统方法相比,消除了周围环境光照变化的影响,提高了测量精度。为验证所提方法的有效性,对标准镜头进行MTF测试,将测试结果与理论设计值比对,测试结果差异极大值为0.01;与美国Optikos公司的测试结果比对,测试结果差异极大值为0.015;对大像差光学系统的轴上和轴外进行MTF测试,并将测试结果与美国Optikos公司测试结果比对,测试结果差异极大值为0.013。实验表明,该方法可满足对不同像差光学系统轴上和轴外MTF的测量。     

审计意见、高管财务背景与内部控制缺陷修正

文章运用2010~2014年度沪深两市A股上市公司的相关数据,首先检验了审计意见与内部控制缺陷修正之间的相关性,结果表明上年收到“不清洁”审计意见的企业在当年更有可能进行内控缺陷的整改与修正;进一步通过分组回归发现,高管中具有财务背景特征的成员比例越高,进行缺陷整改的概率更大,一方面表明外部审计非标准审计意见对内部控制治理效用可能赖于管理层的配合,另一方面也折射出高管人力资源有效配置的重要性。而对披露缺陷修正信息的企业进行跟踪研究,发现这类企业在后续年度仍然会收到“不清洁”的审计意见,反映出这些上市公司的缺陷整改可能浮于表面,并不是实施有效的。     

Capillary zone electrophoresis and capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for analyzing qualitative and quantitative variations in therapeutic albumin

The present study describes a reproducible and quantitative capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method, which leads to the separation of nine forms (native, oxidized and glycated) of human serum albumin (HSA). In an attempt to identify the different species separated by this CZE method, the capillary electrophoresis was coupled to mass spectrometry using a sheath liquid interface, an optimized capillary coating and a suitable CE running buffer. CE-MS analyses confirmed the heterogeneity of albumin preparation and revealed new truncated and modified forms such as Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs). Assignment of the CZE peaks was carried out using specific antibodies, carboxypeptidase A or sample reduction before or during the CE separation. Thus, five HSA forms were unambiguously identified. Using this CZE method several albumin batches produced by slightly different fractionation ways could be discriminated. Furthermore, analyses of HSA preparations marketed by five pharmaceutical industries revealed that two therapeutic albumins, including that marketed by LFB, contained the highest proportion of native form and lower levels of oxidized forms.     

The Zeeman Splitting of Aluminium Monochloride Molecular Absorption Bands as the Possible Interference in Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

The molecular absorption was measured using a sharp line irradiation source together with the Zeeman background correction. The measured absorption was caused by aluminium chloride that was measured using lead hollow cathode lamp. Some kind of Zeeman splitting has been found in the case of studied molecular absorption bands having sharp lines. The absorptions measured were very unstable and noisy. However there was found some relationship between the measured absorption and the amounts of chlorine.     

在随机和倾斜移相下光强归一化的迭代移相算法

由于存在振动和导向误差,干涉仪移相器在移相过程中产生随机的平移误差和倾斜误差,会给测量结果带来影响。因此高精度测量中对环境的稳定性和移相器的性能要求很苛刻。为了降低此种要求,针对随机和倾斜移相下干涉图背景光强和调制度的不均匀会影响移相平面计算的问题,对采集得到的干涉图做归一化处理,并利用迭代最小二乘法对归一化的干涉图做相位求解。迭代过程中,将干涉图分块来求解移相值,并对各移相值做平面拟合得到移相平面。仿真结果表明,该方法消除了背景光强和调制度的不均匀对倾斜系数计算的耦合作用,能够有效补偿倾斜移相误差对面形相位的影响,与其他方法相比,具有收敛速度快、求解精度高的特点。实验结果进一步验证了该方法的有效性。     

The Shirley background revised

Some aspects of the theory and the practical application of the Shirley background correction procedure are reviewed. The ‘classic’ Shirley/Sherwood method is scrutinized, with special emphasis on the physical meaning and the correct implementation. The features of the classic and the cross-section-based Shirley background correction procedures are compared. With a simple modification to the recently discovered Shirley-equivalent inelastic energy loss cross-section a ‘physical’ cross-section is derived and its impact on the practical data evaluation is analyzed. The impact of some frequently used erroneous implementations on the physical meaning of the evaluation procedure as well as the practical results derived using the wrong implementation are discussed and the correct statement on the physical meaning and implementation method is also suggested.     

第一讲微波背景辐射的各向异性、偏振及宇宙电离的历史

文章对微波背景辐射的各向异性、偏振及宇宙电离的历史给出了评述性介绍．从大爆炸理论的预言，到观测的发现，到其各向异性及偏振的探测，微波背景辐射(CMB)向人们揭示了丰富的宇宙学信息．文章在对基本理论作了简单介绍后，着重讲述了最新的CMB的观测结果及其物理意义．特别对微波背景各向异性探测器(Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe，WMAP)的偏振观测及其对宇宙重新电离的限制给出了较详细的叙述．     

天候、背景对微光观察仪探测距离的影响

微光观察仪是在微弱光条件下用来观察目标的一种仪器,探测距离是它的一项重要指标。介绍了用实验方法研究天候、背景对微光观察仪探测距离的影响。根据照度的不同,通过测量出夜视仪的作用距离,可准确地表示出人在夜间对目标发现、识别、辩认的程度。将一个目标同其所处的背景或其它目标相区别,得出了具有一定价值的结论。     

BEPCⅡ束流相关本底的蒙特卡罗模拟研究(Ⅲ)——Touschek效应

介绍了Touschek效应本底研究的意义、Touschek效应的作用原理和建模方法. 使用自主开发及通用的模拟工具, 系统研究了BEPCⅡ工作条件下BESⅢ主要探测器的Touschek本底. 模拟和计算束流寿命的比较表明当前的模拟结果是有参考价值的, 建模方法是可行的. 探测器的模拟结果表明Touschek本底不会影响将来BESⅢ的正常稳定运行, 不会造成探测器的辐照损伤.     

谈线性代数与空间解析几何的整合

线性代数与空间解析几何的产生、发展,意味着它们是不可分割的两部分,本文分析和论述了线性代数与空间解析几何整合的必要性和可行性.