Lattice Lotka-Volterra model with long range mixing

A spatio-temporal process in the Lattice Lotka Volterra (LLV) model, when realized on low dimensional support, is studied. It is shown that the introduction of a long-range mixing causes a drastic change in the system’s behavior, which transits from small random-like fluctuations to global oscillations when the mixing rate transcends above a critical point. The amplitude of the induced oscillations is well defined by the mixing rate and is insensitive to the initial conditions and the lattice size variations. The observed behavior essentially differs from that predicted by the Mean-Field model which is conservative. The oscillations are of limit-cycle type and appear as a stochastic analog of a Hopf bifurcation.     

Active Brownian motion models and applications to ratchets

We give an overview over recent studies on the model of Active Brownian Motion (ABM) coupled to reservoirs providing free energy which may be converted into kinetic energy of motion. First, we present an introduction to a general concept of active Brownian particles which are capable to take up energy from the source and transform part of it in order to perform various activities. In the second part of our presentation we consider applications of ABM to ratchet systems with different forms of differentiable potentials. Both analytical and numerical evaluations are discussed for three cases of sinusoidal, staircaselike and Mateos ratchet potentials, also with the additional loads modelled by tilted potential structure. In addition, stochastic character of the kinetics is investigated by considering perturbation by Gaussian white noise which is shown to be responsible for driving the directionality of the asymptotic flux in the ratchet. This stochastically driven directionality effect is visualized as a strong nonmonotonic dependence of the statistics of the right versus left trajectories of motion leading to a net current of particles. Possible applications of the ratchet systems to molecular motors are also briefly discussed.     

Accounting for the energies and entropies of kinesin’s catalytic cycle

When the processive motor protein kinesin walks along the biopolymer microtubule it can occasionally make a backward step. Recent single molecule experiments on moving kinesin have revealed that the forward-to-backward step ratio decreases exponentially with the load force. Carter and Cross (Nature 435, 308-312, 2005) found that this ratio tightly followed 802 × exp[−0.95F], where F is the load force in piconewtons. A straightforward analysis of a Brownian step leads to L/(2k _B T) as the factor in front of the load force, where L is the 8 nm stepsize, k _B is the Boltzmann constant, and T is the temperature. The factor L/(2k _B T) does indeed equal 0.95 pN⁻¹. The same analysis shows how the 802 prefactor derives from the power stroke energy G as exp[G/(2k _B T)]. There are indications that the power stroke derives from the entropically driven coiling of the 30 amino acid neck linker that connects the two kinesin heads. This idea is examined and consequences are deduced.     

Biomolecular Release Stimulated by Electrochemical Signals at a Very Small Potential Applied

DNA release electrochemically stimulated by applying ?10 mV on the modified electrode was studied. The release process was based on the local (interfacial) pH change produced upon H₂O₂ reduction electrocatalyzed by the immobilized microperoxidase‐11. SiO₂ nanoparticles attached to the electrode surface and functionalized with trigonelline and boronic acid species changed their electrical charge from positive to negative upon the interfacial pH change, thus allowing electrostatic adsorption of negatively charged DNA on the positive interface and then its repulsion/release from the negative interface. The loaded/released DNA molecules were labeled with a fluorescent dye to allow easy detection of the released DNA molecules. The important feature of the developed system is the controlled DNA release upon applying very small electrical potential on the modified electrode.     

Performance of a 4×10 Gbit/s optical time domain multiplexed system using SMZ switching

Optical time division multiplexing (OTDM) is emerging and promising alternative for future high-speed photonic networks because of its ability to accommodate higher bit rate and flexible bandwidth. Among other factors the performance of an OTDM system largely depends upon the switching characteristics of a de-multiplexer (DEMUX). Symmetric Mach-Zehnder (SMZ) have been found to be most suitable than all the available de-multiplexing switches because of compact size, thermal stability, and low power operation. In this paper, we simulate four-channel OTDM systems (all channel multiplexer (MUX) and DEMUX) with a Mach-Zehnder modulator and SMZ DEMUX to investigate the impact of signal power, pulse width and control signal power on BER.     

Wavelet-modified maximum average correlation height filter for out-of-plane rotation invariance

In this paper, we implement a wavelet-modified maximum average correlation height (WaveMACH) filter for recognition of 0-360° out-of-plane rotated targets employing hybrid digital-optical correlator architecture. A chirp function is used with the synthesized WaveMACH filter, which focuses the correlation signals in three different planes, thereby providing the choice of recording a single correlation peak at a particular plane. Signal-to-noise ratio and peak-to-sidelobe ratio have been calculated as metrics of goodness of the proposed WaveMACH filter.     

Statistical issues in measurement

Measurement theories are traditionally couched in algebraic terms, which makes them unsuitable for statistical testing. A probabilistic recasting of these theories is proposed here. It is observed then that an axiom of probabilistic measurement has typically the form of a logical polynomial, the structure of which induces a particular partition of the parameter space, giving rise to a calss of statistical problems for which the null hypothesis is a union of convex polyhedrons. This is a consequence of the fact that a logical polynomial can always be rewritten in normal form, that is, as a disjunction of conjunctions. A likelihood ratio method is worked out in a couple of exemplary cases. One of these examples provides a test of transitivity, a property which lies at the heart of ordinal measurement.     

后腔镜对掺Yb3+双包层光纤激光器性能影响的研究

采用自行研制的内包层为矩形的掺Yb^3 双包层石英光纤，以透射率不同的一组二向色镜为后腔镜构成了双包层光纤激光器。实验证明：后腔镜具有较高透射率为佳；后腔镜可以实现对激光波长的控制；激光斜率效率与后腔镜透射率之间的关系符合指数变化规律，在本实验的条件下，斜率效率的最大值约60％。     

Analysis of ordered categorical data to develop control charts for monitoring customer loyalty

In the highly competitive business environment of today, the cost to attract new customers is much higher than the cost required to maintain the existing ones. To keep the balance between the acquisition rate and defection rate through executing offensive and defensive marketing policies, it is required to have real time information using an efficient method to monitor customer loyalty. The relationship between customer loyalty and customer satisfaction should be kept in mind when one develops a method for loyalty monitoring. This paper presents several control charts classified in two groups based on the scale used to assess customer loyalty. In the first group of control charts, customer loyalty is considered as a binary random variable modeled by Bernoulli distribution whilst in the second group, an ordinal scale is considered to report loyalty level. Performance comparison of the proposed techniques using ARL criterion indicates that chi‐square and likelihood‐ratio control charts developed based on Pearson chi‐square statistic and ordinal logistic regression model respectively are able to rapidly detect the significant changes in loyalty behavior. To show how to apply the procedures and how to interpret their results, two illustrative synthetic cases are also explained. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Über die Isotopenzusammensetzung des Schwefels in seinem natürlichen Kreislauf

Es wird ein Modell des globalen Kreislaufs der Isotope des Schwefels erarbeitet, auf dessen Grundlage die säkularen Veränderungen der Isotopenzusammensetzung des Schwefels in sedimentären Sulfiden, in organisch gebundenem Schwefel und in sedimentären Sulfaten verstanden werden können. Das Modell berücksichtigt die Venwitterung von Magmatiten und sedimentärem Schwefel unter Oxydation von Sulfid zu Sulfat, die Verwitterung sedimentärer Sulfate, die Bildung sedimentärer Sulfide und organisch gebundenen Schwefels, die Bildung sedimentärer Sulfate, die Metamorphose der Sedimente und die Überführung sedimentären Schwefels in die Ozeane durch vulkanische Prozesse. Es wird gezeigt, daß nur die Isotopieeffekte bei der mikrobiellen Reduktion von Sulfat zu Sulfid, bei der Assimilation von Sulfaten durch die Pflanze und bei der Verwitterung sedimentärer Sulfide und organisch gebundenem Schwefel unter Oxydation von Sulfid zu Sulfat Einfluß auf die globale Isotopenzusammensetzung des Schwefels in den Sedimenten haben können. Im Wechselspiel dieser Prozesse kommen die säkularen Verānderungen der δ³⁴S-Werte, insbesondere die charakteristischen Schwankungen der δ³⁴S-Werte zustande. Dabei begünstigen starke Meeresbedeckungen der Erdoberfläche und warmes Klima die mikrobielle Reduktion von Sulfat zu Sulfid in den Ozeanen und führen zum Sinken bzw. Steigen der δ³⁴S-Werte in den sedimentären Sulfiden und im organisch gebundenen Schwefel bzw. in den sedimentären Sulfaten. Regressionen der Ozeane und kaltes Klima, insbesondere Vereisungen begünstigen die Verwitterung und Oxydation von Sulfiden zu Sulfaten und führen zu einem Steigen bzw. Sinken der δ³⁴S-Werte in den sedimentären Sulfiden und im organisch gebundenen Schwefel bzw. in den sedimentären Sulfaten.