Detection of glutamate and glutamine (Glx) by turbo spectroscopic imaging

Turbo spectroscopic imaging (TSI) is a spin echo spectroscopic imaging technique in which two or more echoes are acquired per excitation to reduce the acquisition time. The application of TSI has primarily been limited to the detection of uncoupled spins because the signal from coupled spins is modulated as a function of echo time. In this work we demonstrate how the TSI sequence can be modified to observe spins like the C₂ protons of Glx (≈3.75 ppm) which are involved solely in weak-coupling interactions. The technique exploits the chemical shift displacement effect by employing TSI refocusing pulses that have bandwidths which are less than the chemical shift difference between the target spins and the spins to which they are weakly coupled. The modified TSI sequence rewinds the J-evolution of the target protons in the slice of interest independently of the echo time or echo spacing, thereby removing any signal variation between successive echoes (apart from T₂ relaxation effects). In this study we tailored the narrow-bandwidth TSI sequence for observation of the C₂ Glx protons. The echo time was experimentally optimized to minimize signal contamination from myo-inositol, and the efficacy of the method was verified on phantom solutions of Glx and on brain in vivo.     

脉冲X射线剂量率测量不确定度分析

“强光一号”短脉冲高能X射线剂量率测量,主要包括脉冲射线总剂量与脉冲射线时间宽度的测量,前者采用热释光剂量计测量,后者采用PIN半导体探测器记录。根据不确定度传递数学模型,分析了影响X射线剂量和脉冲宽度测量结果的因素。针对“强光一号”短脉冲高能X射线测量,定量地给出了各种因素引入的测量不确定度,总剂量测量是影响剂量率测量准确性的决定性因素,其相对标准不确定度为25.1％,脉冲宽度测量不确定度为3.7％,剂量率测量扩展不确定度为50.8%,置信概率95%。     

Laser-induced changes in titanium by femtosecond,picosecond and millisecond laser ablation

In order to realize the qualitative control of the laser-induced changes trend and the quantitative control of the laser-induced changes range in titanium upon laser irradiation with different pulse duration, comparative ablation experiments by femtosecond, picosecond and millisecond pulsed lasers were carried out on titanium in this study. Then the final surface morphology, aspect ratio, chemical composition and microstructural state of the ablated titanium were analyzed by laser scanning confocal microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The dependency of the morphology, size, composition and microstructure of ablated titanium on laser pulse duration variation were emphatically discussed. It is found that, as the laser pulse duration increases from femtosecond to millisecond scale, surface morphology quality of ablated titanium gets worse, aspect ratio of microgroove decreases, proportion of titanium oxides in final ablation products becomes larger and the microstructural state of ablated titanium has a higher amorphization degree, which can be attributed to the decreased laser intensity per pulse and enhanced heat conduction effect in titanium with the pulse duration increasing.     

基于平行玻璃板的半导体激光器阵列光束整形

为得到质量均衡的大功率激光束,分别以条形和面阵半导体激光器为模型,基于平行玻璃板对光束的偏移作用,对准直后激光束进行分割和重排,并在Zemax软件中进行了仿真。条形半导体激光器初始发散角为40和10,整形前已准直光束快慢轴方向的光参数积分别为0.455 2 mmmrad和20.484 mmmrad,光束质量相差较大,整形后快慢轴方向光参数积分别为2.731 2 mmmrad和3.414 0 mmmrad,实现了快慢轴方向光束质量均衡。利用平行玻璃板消除面阵半导体激光器中存在的发光死区,整形后快慢轴方向光参数积分别为7.002 mmmrad和10.242 mmmrad ,整形系统耦合效率为90.13%。     

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering effect of gold nanoparticle arrays: The influence of annealing temperature,excitation power and array thickness

Gold nanoparticle arrays are fabricated for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and the effect of the annealing temperature, the thickness of nanoparticle array and the exciting power on the SERS signals are investigated. The particle distribution and particle size are dense and uniform on the glass substrate when the 10 nm gold film was annealed at 250 °C and strong SERS signals for Rhodamine 6G were achieved via a 532 nm excitation with a 10 mW power. The SERS signal at 1650 cm⁻¹ is enhanced more than 10 times as compared to that of the gold film without annealing. The strong SERS behavior of gold nanoparticle arrays may broaden the SERS applications in biomedical and analytical chemistry.     

Comparative study of p‐amino benzhydrazide and m‐amino benzhydrazide by free radicals and free electron transfer

The bimolecular electron transfer from p‐amino benzhydrazide (PABH) and its meta‐derivative (m‐amino benzhydrazide (MABH)) to specific one‐electron oxidant results in the formation of anilino radical. In case of PABH, reaction with ^?OH radicals results in the synchronous formation of adduct as well as anilino radical. The interesting observation is that the yield of the anilino radical increases with increase in pH. The effect of substitution also has a significant effect on the formation of adduct. In case of MABH, significant yield of anilino radical gets form on reaction with ^?OH radical. The free radical electron transfer from PABH and MABH to parent radical cation of non‐polar solvent also results in the formation of anilino radical only suggesting that the radical cation of PABH and MABH has short life time. The above results were supported by quantum chemical calculations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Z-扫描参量对薄膜材料三阶非线性光学特性的影响

采用数值计算方法对薄膜材料的Z-扫描参量进行研究.对不同激光脉宽下Z-扫描的三阶非线性折射系数和吸收系数进行分析,结果显示不同等级的脉宽激光器对计算结果的数量级影响很大.对不同小孔光阑半径的Z-扫描闭孔曲线进行仿真,结果显示光阑小孔越小,获得特征曲线的峰谷值越明显.对不同光阑离透镜焦点的距离值进行Z-扫描闭孔曲线仿真,结果显示距离为1/2透镜焦距值时闭孔Z-扫描曲线能得到相对较大的峰谷差值.数值分析结果与相关文献报道的实验结果基本一致.     

A High Efficiency Yb3+-doped Fiber Ring Cavity Laser with Narrow Line-widthRound-trip Dispersion Calculation for Martinez Pulse Stretcher

A novel Yb3+-doped fiber ring cavity laser pumped by a 977 nm laser diode is presented with its output laser wavelength of 1060 nm. Based on a fiber Bragg grating (FBG), the laser exhibits 0.20 nm line-width, 7.5 mW laser output power, 40 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and 66% slope efficiency.This paper proposed a ray-tracing model for the Martinez stretcher, derived the calculation formulae for the stretcher of a grating-spherical mirror system and discussed the error for the total dispersion resulted from the spatial dispersion. The calculated results show that the error could be ignored for the beam returned to the stretcher for the second pass in the wavelength range of 750 nm and 850 nm.     

周期量级激光脉冲在不同密度的原子介质中传播行为的比较(英文)

利用不含慢变包络近似和旋波近似的全波Maxwell-Bloch方程组的数值解,研究了周期量级超短激光脉冲在Ladder型三能级原子介质中的传播行为并与在相应的稀疏介质中的情况进行了比较.我们发现,在传播过程中,超短脉冲在稠密介质中的时间演化规律与在稀疏介质中明显不同,而且这种差别将随初始脉冲面积的增大而加大.当初始脉冲面积较小时,在传播过程中,脉冲形状在稀疏介质中只有小的改变而在稠密介质中却有显著的变化.当初始脉冲面积足够大时,在稠密介质中在不同的传播距离处脉冲分裂为不同数量和形状的亚脉冲;在稀疏介质中脉冲形状在传播过程中仍然只有小的改变。产生以上差别的原因在于稠密原子介质中近偶极-偶极(NDD)相互作用导致的局域场修正(LFC)及比稀疏原子介质更强的极化电场的影响.其中,更强的极化电场的影响起着主要的作用,但局域场修正的作用也不能忽略,而极化电场的增强是由于原子密度的增加.     

Optimum Temporal Pulse Shape of Launched Light for Optical Time Domain Reflectometry Type Sensors Using Brillouin Backscattering

We investigated numerically the relationship between the temporal shape of an optical pulse launched into an optical fiber and the power spectrum of the Brillouin backscattered light it produces. We analyzed the measurement error of the peak-power frequency of the Brillouin backscattered light power spectra obtained from the launched light with various pulse shapes. In this investigation and analysis, we characterized the pulse shape by the width, leading-trailing time, and steepness. Regardless of the launched pulse shape, the peak-power frequency-measurement error increases as the pulse width shortens. For identical launched pulse widths, a triangular pulse generates the Brillouin backscattered-light power spectrum with both the narrowest profile and the largest peak power, and consequently provides the minimum error when we measure the peak-power frequency. This shows that a temporally triangular pulse is the best for the launched light.