Determining the micro-optical element surfaces profiles using transmission deflectometry with liquids

We propose a method for simultaneously measuring the front and back surface profiles of transparent optical components. The proposed method combines dual wavelength transmission deflectometry with liquids to record distorted phases at different wavelengths, and then numerically reconstructs the three-dimensional phase information to image the front and back surfaces of the lens. We propose a theoretical model to determine the surface information, and the imaging of achromatic lenses is experimentally demonstrated. Unlike conventional transmission deflectometry, our proposed method supports direct observation of the front and back surface profiles of the optical elements. Compared with other techniques such as interferometry, the proposed setup is simpler to align, has lower cost, and does not require coherent illumination. The proposed method can be applied to normal transmission deflectometry for determining the three-dimensional surface profiles of optical components.     

Special features of the EPR spectroscopy of a system of centers with different relaxation times

We found that the interaction of paramagnetic centers that have different relaxation times differs fundamentally from the interaction of centers having close relaxation times. Simulation showed that in this case there is an anomalous redistribution of the spectral-line intensity from the center to the wings with a virtually preserved distance between extremal points (super-Lorentzian shape of the line), which leads to underestimation of the total intensity recorded. The results obtained make it possible to explain a number of aspects of the radiospectroscopy of carbon materials of practical importance such as the nature of the generally accepted maximum on the curve for the dependence of the total intensity of an EPR signal on the temperature of the heat treatment of organic compounds and the degree of metamorphism of natural coals, the specific features of the effect of oxygen molecules and paramagnetic ions of metals on the EPR spectra of carbon materials, etc. Belarusian State University, 4, F. Skorina Ave., Minsk, 220080 Belarus. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 65, No. 2, pp. 224–229, March–April, 1998.     

基于光谱波段自相关的水稻信息提取波段选择

通过大田试验,使用ASD光谱仪测量水稻不同生育期的冠层光谱,将光谱以10 nm为步长进行合并,再将不同日期光谱的所有波段组合计算相关系数平方（R2）,生成R2矩阵,并绘制R2分布图。根据R2越大,光谱波段之间冗余信息越多,R2越小,水稻光谱波段信息含量越多的原则,在所有测量日期中选择出前100个R2最小值对应的波段,将这些波段进行统计分析。结果表明,可见光区域各个波段之间和红外（近红外和短波红外）区域各个波段之间都含有大量冗余信息。水稻信息量丰富的波段主要集中在可见光的长波波段,红边波段,近红外第一和第二峰值波段,以及短波近红外第一峰前区（1 530 nm附近）和第二峰值区（2 215 nm附近）。比较水稻与其他植被对于最优波段的选择,400～410,630～650和1 520～1 540 nm三个波段区间表现为水稻信息提取较为独特的波段。     

Simple electro-optic technique to generate temporally flat-top laser pulses

A simple technique is presented to generate temporally flat-top shaped laser pulses using electro-optic modulator (Pockels cell). It involves splitting of input laser pulse into two halves of equal intensity and then stacking together with appropriate optical delay to get a temporally flat-top laser pulse. It also allows generation of other pulse shapes by varying the relative intensity, delay, and phase between two halves of the input laser pulse. Temporally flat-top laser pulses of duration ~ 9 ns have been generated using ~ 7 ns duration incident laser pulses from a flash lamp pumped Q-switched Nd:glass laser oscillator. The rise and fall-time of the shaped pulse is limited by speed of electro-optic switch (Pockels cell), which is ~ 2 ns in the present case.     

A maximum-efficiency-first multi-path route selection strategy for optical burst switching networks

In this paper, the impact of a path selection on other existing paths in optical burst switching (OBS) networks is studied by analyzing the contention among different traffic streams and the interaction between the route selection and traffic load balance. The results show that there exists a mutual reinforcement interaction among the traffic load of a path, the path burst loss ratio and the contention ability of the path when burst loss ratio based multi-path selection strategies are adopted, which may increase the unbalance of traffic and lead to severe congestion further. A maximum-efficiency-first multi-path selection strategy, which considers the performance of the burst flows and the impact of a path selection on existing OBS paths at the same time by a combined metric of route efficiency, is proposed to maximize the utility of the burst flows and minimize the increment of lost throughput on the path. The performance of the proposed multi-path selection strategy is evaluated through simulation. The results show that the presented strategy obviously outperforms the least burst loss ratio strategy and shortest path first strategy in terms of the burst loss ratio in the practical unbalanced background traffic, especially when the network is heavily loaded.     

Phase and shape controlling of MnS nanocrystals in the solvothermal process

MnS nanocrystals with different phases and shapes were prepared through solvothermal synthesis. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), UV–vis absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The solvent and reaction time played an important role in controlling the phase and shape of MnS nanocrystals. The possible mechanism of the shape evolution was investigated, which revealed that the crystal growth along the unique c axis of γ-MnS resulted in the rod-like MnS at the primary period, and the tetrahedral crystal seed of β-MnS with zincblende structure resulted in the interlinking of MnS rods, so the zigzag and three-branched and palm-like MnS appeared; with increasing reactive time the thermodynamically stable spherical α-MnS was favored through the Ostwald ripening process. The PL results showed that the intensity of γ-MnS was much weaker than that of α-MnS, and the trap state emissions of γ-MnS at 470 and 482 nm, respectively, disappeared, which might be ascribed to the difference of the shapes between the sphere and the rod or branch.     

神光-Ⅲ主机黑腔腔形研究与设计

利用三维视角因子软件IRAD3D研究了神光-Ⅲ主机靶丸表面辐射驱动时变对称性和驱动强度随黑腔腔形和排布方式的变化。模拟结果表明:采用椭球形黑腔能显著减小黑腔壁面积从而减小腔壁能量消耗并提高靶丸消耗份额;不同腔形和排布方式下均可通过调节腔长使勒让德不对称性模P2时间积分量较小;采用双环辐照和椭球腔形都利于缩短腔长;四环排布利于调节P4分量,但环向不对称性M4较差;椭球腔双环排布能兼顾极向不对称性P2,P4和环向不对称性M4,且靶丸表面X光驱动强度相对柱腔双环提高25%~27%。     

基于透光性能分析的微藻光生物反应器构筑板材选型

利用配备人工光源的光生物反应器(AL-PBR)培养微藻是实现微藻快速增殖,进而满足相关产业需求的重要手段。为指导AL-PBR的构筑材质选型,完善了现有方法,比选了7种市售透明板材。考虑到微藻在不同入射光波段的光生态学,应综合分析板材在光合有效辐射波段(400~700nm)、红光波段(630~700nm)、蓝光波段(430~480nm)和中波紫外线波段(UV-B,280~320nm)的透光性能。前三波段的平均透射率越高越好,UV-B波段反之。测定结果表明:如果AL-PBR以太阳光作为外部光源,现阶段宜采用进口聚碳酸酯板和普通玻璃板作为构筑材质,且前者更佳;如果以单色LEDs灯或荧光灯作为外部光源,宜选用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯板。     

时间维相位重建的改进算法

提出了一种时间维-相位重建的改进算法:利用折叠位相图进行时间相位展开以提高算法效率;推导并调整了基于时间相位展开算法初始条件从而减少所需的二维编码条纹图,增加了算法的实时性.从而可以更加有效地解决深度表面不连续和存在隔离物表面拓扑结构的景物相位重建问题.实验结果证明了本文所提出算法的可行性及有效性.     

Microstructure and magnetic properties of Ni-rich Ni54Mn25.7Ga20.3 ferromagnetic shape memory alloy thin film

A Ni₅₄Mn_25.7Ga_20.3 ferromagnetic shape memory alloy thin film has been fabricated by using the RF magnetron-sputtering technique. The structure and magnetic properties of the film were systematically investigated. The results show that the film is in ferromagnetic martensite state at room temperature with the Curie temperature (T_c) of about 370 K. The saturation magnetization (M_s) of the film reaches 45 emu/g at 300 K, which is about 80% as large as that of Ni–Mn–Ga bulk material. The magnetization hysteresis loops significantly depend on temperatures. The residual magnetization (M_r) and the coercive force (H_c) increase with decreasing temperatures. The grains homogeneously distribute in the film. The microstructure of the film consists of martensite plates. The interface between the martensite variants is clear and straight, indicating a good mobility.