Tris‐amidoximate uranyl complexes via η2 binding mode coordinated in aqueous solution shown by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory methods

The present study sheds some light on the long‐standing debate concerning the coordination properties between uranyl ions and the amidoxime ligand, which is a key ingredient for achieving efficient extraction of uranium. Using X‐ray absorption fine structure combined with theoretical simulation methods, the binding mode and bonding nature of a uranyl–amidoxime complex in aqueous solution were determined for the first time. The results show that in a highly concentrated amidoxime solution the preferred binding mode between UO₂²⁺ and the amidoxime ligand is η² coordination with tris‐amidoximate species. In such a uranyl–amidoximate complex with η² binding motif, strong covalent interaction and orbital hybridization between U 5f/6d and (N, O) 2p should be responsible for the excellent binding ability of the amidoximate ligand to uranyl. The study was performed directly in aqueous solution to avoid the possible binding mode differences caused by crystallization of a single‐crystal sample. This work also is an example of the simultaneous study of local structure and electronic structure in solution systems using combined diagnostic tools.     

四色猜想的解析论证及其在地图绘制中的应用

依据欧拉定理,研究了边数差和着色数计算公式,对四色猜想进行了研究．借助四面体顶点数与面积数相等的原则、多面体边数不变的原则和多余理论,用边数差数学计算方法论证了四色猜想．用简单的数学公式和几何作图方法说明了四色猜想的合理性,为其提供了可靠的理论依据．用“三色包点”和“以面切体”的几何作图法,证明多面体和平面地图的着色数恒为4;非三色包点的图形,可以通过“以面切体”的方法转换成三色包点的图形;使用多余国家、多余边数的数学技巧代替计算机使用的不可避免性、可约性是合适的．理论分析及实例论证表明该方法简单可行．     

一种基于级联长周期光纤光栅的力传感装置

利用光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)具有谱线窄、反射率高的特性和级联长周期光纤光栅(级联LPFG)的边沿滤波特性, 设计了一种基于级联LPFG的力传感装置, 将拉力变化转变为FBG反射谱功率的变化. 在理论上分析了实验的可行性, 用光纤光栅刻写系统制作了符合要求的级联LPFG和FBG, 用光谱分析仪对FBG的反射谱进行了监测. 用光纤功率计对FBG的反射功率进行了测量, 并对测得的数据进行了线性拟合, 其线性相关系数为0.9924, 装置的灵敏度为1.074μW?N-1. 在拉力为0~0.6N的范围内功率与拉力有较好的线性关系. 测量范围和灵敏度取决于级联LPFG透射谱边沿的斜率. 该装置结构简单, 操作方便.     

Modulation depth of series SQUIDs modified by Josephson junction area

The superconducting quantum interference device(SQUID) amplifier is widely used in the field of weak signal detection for its low input impedance, low noise, and low power consumption. In this paper, the SQUIDs with identical junctions and the series SQUIDs with different junctions were successfully fabricated. The Nb/Al-AlO_x/Nb trilayer and input Nb coils were prepared by asputtering equipment. The SQUID devices were prepared by a sputtering and the lift-off method.Investigations by AFM, OM and SEM revealed the morphology and roughness of the Nb films and Nb/Al-AlO_x/Nb trilayer.In addition, the current–voltage characteristics of the SQUID devices with identical junction and different junction areas were measured at 2.5 K in the He~3 refrigerator. The results show that the SQUID modulation depth is obviously affected by the junction area. The modulation depth obviously increases with the increase of the junction area in a certain range. It is found that the series SQUID with identical junction area has a transimpedance gain of 58 ? approximately.     

A generalized model of TiO_x-based memristive devices and its application for image processing

Memristive technology has been widely explored, due to its distinctive properties, such as nonvolatility, high density,versatility, and CMOS compatibility. For memristive devices, a general compact model is highly favorable for the realization of its circuits and applications. In this paper, we propose a novel memristive model of TiO_x-based devices, which considers the negative differential resistance(NDR) behavior. This model is physics-oriented and passes Linn's criteria. It not only exhibits sufficient accuracy(IV characteristics within 1.5% RMS), lower latency(below half the VTEAM model),and preferable generality compared to previous models, but also yields more precise predictions of long-term potentiation/depression(LTP/LTD). Finally, novel methods based on memristive models are proposed for gray sketching and edge detection applications. These methods avoid complex nonlinear functions required by their original counterparts. When the proposed model is utilized in these methods, they achieve increased contrast ratio and accuracy(for gray sketching and edge detection, respectively) compared to the Simmons model. Our results suggest a memristor-based network is a promising candidate to tackle the existing inefficiencies in traditional image processing methods.     

Synchrotron XANES and ED‐XRF analyses of fine‐paste ware from 13th to 14th century maritime Southeast Asia

The combination of energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (ED‐XRF) and synchrotron X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) provides the detailed composition of fine‐paste ware (FPW) kendis, dated back to 13th–14th century maritime Southeast Asia. Sources of clay and production sites were classified according to Al₂O₃, SiO₂, α‐Fe₂O₃ and γ‐Fe₂O₃ as well as trace elements. The similarities based on these components provided another evidence of a trade route between Kota Cina in North Sumatra of Indonesia and Kok Moh on Satingphra Peninsula, a well‐known production area in present‐day Thailand. In additions, the uniquely large contribution of α‐Fe₂O₃ in XANES spectra suggests that Nakhon Si Thammarat province of Thailand could also be one of FPW production areas in maritime Southeast Asia. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

绿色植被红边特征的研究

通过系统分析绿色植被在紫外可见波段光谱的产生机理,得出绿峰和红边是由叶绿素产生的。从叶绿素的结构上看,它属于卟啉类化合物,为了进一步探究红边产生的机理,合成了四苯基卟啉、四(4-甲氧基苯基)卟啉、四(4-磺酸钠苯基)卟啉、四吡啶基卟啉、四甲基卟啉、四(4-甲氧基苯基)卟啉合锌和四(4-甲氧基苯基)卟啉合铜,并采用紫外可见光谱、红外及核磁进行表征。通过对其紫外可见光谱的系统分析,提出“红边”不仅限于叶绿素,而是卟啉类化合物特有的光谱特征,红边是由卟啉环a_2u(π)-e_g(π*) 跃迁产生的Q带所致。其位置不仅与卟啉的浓度相关,与卟啉化合物外侧取代基类型也有关系,金属卟啉对红边的位置影响较大。     

一种新的改进Canny图像边缘检测算法

针对传统的Canny算法在平滑滤波时对图像边缘检测的影响,以及需要预先设定高低阈值等缺点,本文提出了一种新的Canny边缘检测算法。首先采用自适应中值滤波对图像进行处理;其次,添加45°和135°方向的梯度模板来计算梯度幅值;最后,采用Otsu算法计算经梯度幅值运算得到图像的高低阈值。实验结果表明,该改进的Canny算法具有良好的抗噪性能,并且能精确的检测出边缘信息。     

Sub-pixel dimensional measurement with Logistic edge model

To separate substandard workpieces from products, sub-pixel edge location with Logistic edge model is proposed for dimensional measurement. In the first step, workpiece rotation is corrected with high precision image rotation to reduce the measurement error and simplify the edge model. Secondly, Logistic edge model is utilized for fitting the discrete edge data to locate the sub-pixel workpiece edge and model parameters are estimated through the objective function in terms of the difference between assumed model and real image data. Finally, an edge pixel compensation method is presented with edge pixel compensation value, which weakens the effect of edge transition zone effectively. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective for dimensional measurement with the relative error less than 0.05%.