微观世界探索(续)

论文系统地阐述了从原子、原子核到基本粒子内部结构研究的历史及现状，讨论了微观物理理论和实验研究的前景和展望．论文还阐述了微观物理与宏观物理(宇宙论和天体物理等)的结合与交叉，以无可争辨的实验事实阐明了微观世界和宏观世界的无限性．     

n维氢原子的散射态

研究了n维氢原子的散射态性质．给出了精确的按“k/2π标度”归一化的散射态的精确解波函数及相移表达式，讨论了相移的解析性质，获得了束缚-连续跃迁矩阵元的解析计算公式．普通氢原子(n=3)散射态的有关结果作为特例包含在本文的一般结论之中． 关键词： n维氢原子 散射态 精确解 相移 束缚-连续跃迁矩阵元     

Rate of Convergence of a Stochastic Particle System for the Smoluchowski Coagulation Equation

By continuing the probabilistic approach of Deaconu et al. (2001), we derive a stochastic particle approximation for the Smoluchowski coagulation equations. A convergence result for this model is obtained. Under quite stringent hypothesis we obtain a central limit theorem associated with our convergence. In spite of these restrictive technical assumptions, the rate of convergence result is interesting because it is the first obtained in this direction and seems to hold numerically under weaker hypothesis. This result answers a question closely connected to the Open Problem 16 formulated by Aldous (1999).     

关于折射率对散射光场分布影响的研究

根据Mie散射理论,采用理论计算和实验相结合的手法,研究了光散射现象以及散射介质的折射率对散射光场分布的影响.通过对空气中不同折射率的散射介质形成的散射光场光强的实验比较,论证了散射介质折射率的实部变化对散射光强的影响不大,其主要影响是通过对相位的变化来实现的,也即散射介质折射率的虚部变化对光强的影响很大,在实际应用中不可忽略.这一结论对以散射光场的分布为基础的各种研究具有一定的指导意义.     

短脉冲激光尾流场中的前向Raman散射

用212维粒子模拟分析了前向Raman散射对激光尾流场加速电子的影响.前向Raman散射使脉冲长度在传播方向上被拉长，脉冲后沿变陡，产生的尾流场相速度明显减小，而且超热电子的最大动能明显小于理论估计值.此外激光频率整体向低频移动.     

Particle Size Analysis by Transmission Fluctuation Spectrometry: Experimental Results Obtained with a Gaussian Beam and Analog Signal Processing

Transmission fluctuation spectrometry (TFS) is a method for the analysis of particle size distributions based on the statistical fluctuations of a transmission signal. Complete information on the PSD and particle concentration can be retrieved by a special transformation of the transmission signal, whereby the expectancy of the transmission square (ETS) is determined after the signal has been subjected to a procedure of spatial and temporal averaging. By varying the averaging parameters over a wide range, a spectrum of ETSs is obtained and introduced into a linear equation system, which yields the PSD. In the experimental realization presented here, variable temporal averaging is realized in the frequency domain with a series of low pass filters at different cutoff frequencies while spatial averaging inevitably occurs as the particles pass through a focused Gaussian beam of finite cross section. Experimental results on spherical particles (glass beads) and non‐spherical particles (SiC) are presented. The PSDs are resolved in 30 intervals within a particle size range from 1–1000 μm, employing a modified Chahine inversion algorithm. So far, the measurements are limited to moderate particle concentrations. Some influences affecting the measurements, especially for higher particle concentrations, are discussed in detail.     

Lax Pairs for Equations Describing Compatible Nonlocal Poisson Brackets of Hydrodynamic Type and Integrable Reductions of the Lamé Equations

We solve the problem of describing compatible nonlocal Poisson brackets of hydrodynamic type. We prove that for nonsingular pairs of compatible nonlocal Poisson brackets of hydrodynamic type, there exist special local coordinates such that the metrics and the Weingarten operators of both brackets are diagonal. The nonlinear evolution equations describing all nonsingular pairs of compatible nonlocal Poisson brackets of hydrodynamic type are derived in these special coordinates, and the integrability of these equations is proved using the inverse scattering transform. The Lax pairs with a spectral parameter for these equations are found. We construct various classes of integrable reductions of the derived equations. These classes of reductions are of an independent differential-geometric and applied interest. In particular, if one of the compatible Poisson brackets is local, we obtain integrable reductions of the classical Lamé equations describing all orthogonal curvilinear coordinate systems in a flat space; if one of the compatible brackets is generated by a constant-curvature metric, the corresponding equations describe integrable reductions of the equations for orthogonal curvilinear coordinate systems in a space of constant curvature.     

Probing proton halo of the exotic nucleus28S by elastic electron scattering

Elastic electron scattering on the exotic light nucleus²⁸S is investigated in the plane wave Born approximation. The variation of the squared form factors of²⁸S with momentum transfer is compared with that of³²S. It is found that the behavior of the form factors near the second minimum (with a moderate momentum transfer) is sensitive to the alteration of the charge density distribution of halo protons in²⁸S. This indicates that elastic electron scattering can be a good probe of the structure of proton-halo nuclei.     

10-GHz Optical Comb in L-Band Region With Brillouin/Erbium-Doped Fibre Laser

A multiwavelength Brillouin/erbium fibre laser (BEFL) which operates in the long wavelength (L-band) region is demonstrated for potential applications in an L-band wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) communication system. The laser configuration consists of a long erbium-doped fibre to enable L-band amplification where two 3-dB couplers take a portion of the generated BEFL signal and re-inject it into the single mode fibre to seed a cascaded BEFL line in the same direction as the first BEFL line. A stable and strong laser comb of up to five lines with 10-GHz spacing has been obtained with a Brillouin pump (BP) of 9.2 mW and a 980 nm pump of 92 mW. The BEFL has shown a broad tuning range with a tuning characteristic for line #1 which is flat over a range greater than 9.9 nm.     

Molecular dynamics in aqueous solutions of β-cyclodextrin

Water molecule mobility in ion-containing and nonionic aqueous solutions of β-cyclodextrin was studied by quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS). The total self-diffusion coefficients and their components corresponding to the contributions from collective (Lagrange type) and single-particle (jump diffusion) parts of molecular motions were determined. From the data obtained, one can conclude that the molecular mobility of free water in nonionic aqueous solutions of β-cyclodextrin with guest molecules (2-aminopyridine) proceeds by a single-particle mechanism. The addition of Pb²⁺ ions into the solution leads to increase in self-diffusion coefficients and growth of a bound water fraction.