菲涅耳波带板应用于聚变靶的高分辨X射线成像分析

在惯性约束核聚变研究中,为了实现1μm高空间分辨keV-X射线成像,文中发展了菲涅耳波带板(FZP)直接成像的分析方法,并通过数值计算研究了FZP的成像特性.针对钛K_α线(光子能量4.51 keV,波长0.275 nm),提出了FZP参数,对制作技术的要求较低.研究了靶尺度的影响.FZP的有效视场使它能够对数毫米大尺度靶实现高分辨成像.还研究了入射光的光谱带宽对成像的影响.FZP的色差有助于单色成像,但是带宽超过限度会导致像的反衬度降低.这些结果表明FZP应用于聚变点火靶的高空间分辨X射线成像的能力,也为应用提出了要求. 关键词： X射线成像 惯性约束核聚变 菲涅耳波带板     

Inhibition of the reduction of Cr(VI) at the magnetite–water interface by calcium carbonate coatings

The effect of calcium carbonate coatings on the reduction of aqueous chromate on the magnetite(1 1 1) surface has been investigated using a combination of synchrotron based X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (PES) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, along with laboratory-based powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). CaCO₃ coatings (dominantly calcite with minor quantities of aragonite and vaterite) of thicknesses ranging from 10 Å to 20 m were grown on magnetite(1 1 1) surfaces by exposure to supersaturated aqueous solutions followed by evaporation of the solution—a process that mimics pore-water evaporation in vadose zones leading to the formation of caliche and calcium carbonate coatings on mineral grains. Coating thicknesses were determined from attenuation of the Fe 2p photoemission signal by the carbonate coating. For coatings less than 15 Å thick, Cr 2p photoemission and Cr L_II, L_III-edge XANES spectra show that chromate is reduced by the underlying magnetite surface; however, as the minimum coating thickness increases beyond 15 Å, the magnetite surface becomes passivated and further chromate reduction ceases. Our findings suggest that carbonate coatings on natural magnetite grains can significantly reduce or eliminate their ability to reduce Cr(VI), which is a toxic and highly mobile environmental contaminant.     

Color Zone Map in Peripheral Vision at Various Illuminance Levels

We measured the entire region of mesopic and photopic vision to determine the color zone covering the visual field with unique red, yellow, green, and blue hue components. Eight kinds of test stimuli in the natural color system (NCS) color notation system were used. These stimuli were presented at horizontal and vertical meridians, and at meridians inclined at 45° angles. The illuminance level was set at six levels: 0.01 lx-1000 lx. The evaluation method measured chromatic, white, and black components as well as the hue component of the stimuli. Results show that the color zone of the retina extended further into the periphery with increasing illuminance; the response of opponent colors y-b was shown to be greater than that of the opponent colors r-g.     

H2/air旋流预混燃烧的流场特性和火焰结构分析

本文采用完全可压缩的N-S方程,对当量比为1.0的H₂/air旋流预混火焰进行了直接数值模拟研究。氢气和空气的化学反应采用9种组分19步的详细机理。模拟结果表明,强旋流流场中存在回流区,碗形旋流火焰稳定在回流区的外围。在火焰面上沿火焰法向提取了局部火焰结构,将局部湍流火焰结构与层流预混火焰的火焰结构进行了比较,发现局部湍流火焰比层流预混火焰更薄,燃烧强度更高。     

二维复式声子晶体中基元配置对声学能带结构的影响

研究了二维复式声子晶体中基元配置对其声学能带结构的影响,发现当声子晶体的基元配置改变时,声子晶体的不可约布里渊区也会改变,而且部分能带的极值不再在高对称线上.特别地,在某些基元配置下,不可约布里渊区扩大为整个第一布里渊区.因此,对于对称性较高的复式晶格声子晶体,可用通常的方法得到能带结构,而对于对称性较低的复式晶格结构声子晶体,只有采用对整个第一布里渊区进行研究的方法,才能获得可信的能带结构及带隙.     

Effect of power ultrasound on crystallization characteristics of magnesium ammonium phosphate

Magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) crystallization could be utilized for the recovery of phosphorus from wastewater. However, the effectiveness of the recovery is largely determined by the crystallization process, which is very hard to be directly observed. As a result, a specific ultrasonic device was designed to investigate the crystallization characteristics of MAP under various ultrasonic conditions. The results demonstrated that the metastable zone width (MZW) narrowed along with the rising of the ultrasonic power. Similarly, for the 6 mM MAP solution, with the ultrasonic power gradually enhanced from 0 W to 400 W, the induction time was shortened from 340 s to 38 s. Meanwhile, the crystallization rate was accelerated till the power reached 350 W, and then remained a constant value. It can be observed from the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the MAP crystal became bigger in size as well as the crystal size distribution (CSD) became broad and uneven, with the increase of ultrasonic power. The results indicate that the crystallization process enhanced by power ultrasound could be used as an effective method to eliminate and recover the phosphorus from wastewater.     

基于激光光解诱导荧光技术实现燃烧反应区及中间产物CH_3瞬态可视化

实现火焰反应区和不同中间组分的在线二维瞬态成像,在湍流燃烧的基础研究中具有十分重要的意义。用Nd∶YAG激光器的5倍频输出(212.8nm)作为光源,通过激光光解诱导荧光技术在甲烷/空气预混火焰中,成功实现了火焰反应区的瞬态成像,并首次采用该技术实现了CH_3的在线瞬态成像测量。分析了该方法同其他荧光标示物在反应区二维瞬态成像方法的优势,并研究了火焰燃烧过程中其他燃烧中间产物和不同燃空比对CH_3单脉冲成像的影响,讨论了现有条件下该技术的应用范围。根据实验结果,在燃空比Φ=1.2的条件下,在反应区我们获得了信噪比约为8的单脉冲成像,分析火焰中CH_3的单脉冲成像结果可知火焰燃空比在1.0~1.4之间时,或者火焰中CH_3的浓度大于9.3×1015 molecules·cm-3信噪比较好。该项技术在动力机械及其他研究领域的应用有十分重要的参考价值。     

毛细管电泳法快速分离和检测肠毒性大肠杆菌

 建立了快速分离和检测引起仔猪腹泻的肠毒性大肠杆菌K88、K99和 987P细菌细胞的毛细管区带电泳方法 ,并进行了腹泻仔猪粪便中肠毒性大肠杆菌的应用检测分析。结果表明 ,在电泳缓冲液为 0 0 5mol/LNa2 CO3 NaHCO3(pH 9 9)、分离电压为 1 4 1kV、检测波长为 2 1 0nm的电泳条件下 ,E coliK88、K99和 987P的细胞分别具有单一、稳定的特征谱峰 ,其保留时间的相对标准偏差RSD≤ 0 9% ;在确定的实验条件下 ,实现了腹泻仔猪粪便中肠毒性大肠杆菌的快速检测分析 ,发现将出生 5d～ 6d的腹泻仔猪粪便引入培养基中增殖后主要检出K88。     

三峡库区巴东新城区库岸三叠系巴东组层间软弱带

摘 要  巴东新城区发育有黄土坡滑坡、赵树岭滑坡、太矶头滑坡、童家坪滑坡等多处大型古滑坡,研究库岸斜坡岩体结构特征对滑坡的治理有着至关重要的作用。本文基于巴东新城区白土坡和西壤坡两段库岸深300余米监测剖面的地质勘探资料,根据岩芯颜色、岩性和结构将巴东组第三段划分为24段;通过薄片鉴定、X射线衍射和岩芯精细测量分析库岸斜坡岩体处于滨海环境的海陆过渡相,岩性组合、岩层厚度、矿物组成及强度具有复杂的垂向分带特征;探讨了层间软弱带和大型滑坡的关系。研究表明：巴东新城区库岸斜坡巴东组第三段内发育有13层贯通的软弱带,表现为为富含泥质、结构破碎的泥质软弱夹层、构造碎裂岩、溶蚀改造带和软岩软弱带。在沉积成岩时经历了滨海相反复的海浸海退,软弱带多分布在沉积环境动荡的开阔台地（陆棚泻湖）和局限台地（潮间带）。巴东组第二、三段岩性及沉积环境属缓慢过渡,在构造作用下未发生明显的滑脱。沉积结构和后期构造共同作用形成了贯通软弱带,为大型滑坡发生提供了有利条件。三峡水库全面蓄水后,软弱带在地下水长期作用下必将加剧库岸斜坡的深部形变。     

基于风洞试验的不同坡度多跨锯齿屋面风压特性研究

多跨锯齿屋面因其具有跨度大、结构轻盈的特点成为典型的风灾易损结构.目前国内规范对锯齿屋盖的风荷载规定较为粗略,简单给定了统一的风压系数参考值,在实际工程应用中具有一定的局限性.本文以某4跨锯齿房屋为研究对象,通过风洞试验测试了15°、21°、26°、30°和40°等5种不同屋面坡度对锯齿屋盖风压特性的影响.试验结果表明...