Capillary Zone Electrophoresis of some organic acids in milk whey

This paper describes a method for analysing some acids of milk whey by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis. After eliminating the whey proteins by ultrafiltration, the whey underwent electrophoretic separation in the presence of anodic electroosmotic flow. The following analytes were detected: citric, orotic, uric, and hippuric acids. A procedure is described for sample preparation and the operating conditions for electrophoretic capillary separation established. Finally, orotic acid is quantitatively determined.     

狭缝光栅自由立体显示器立体可视区域的研究

提出了反映观察区域某一点是否是合适的立体观察点立体图像质量因子的概念.根据狭缝光栅自由立体显示器的结构和工作原理并应用几何光学知识,分析得出了立体图像质量因子的计算公式,并给出了立体显示器的立体图像质量因子的计算结果.通过定义立体图像质量因子的阈值,得到狭缝光栅自由立体显示器的立体可视区域.     

汶川地震断裂带岩脉矿物拉曼谱峰特征

对汶川地震断裂带深溪沟出露的基岩错动面两侧岩脉中的石英矿物进行了拉曼谱峰测定, 并根据所测石英的464 cm-1拉曼谱峰向高波数的偏移量估算了断裂带中的压应力分布。测试结果表明, 错动面附近岩脉中石英的464 cm-1拉曼谱峰向高波数偏移量为3.29 cm-1, 相应的压应力值为368.63 MPa, 明显低于错动面两侧应力积累, 这可能是由于错动面的多次活动导致了应力不断得到释放。断裂南东盘(下盘)远离错动面, 岩脉中石英的464 cm-1拉曼谱峰向高波数偏移量具有增加的趋势, 相应的应力积累也逐渐增强, 距错动面21 m处的石英样品的464 cm-1拉曼谱峰向高波数偏移4.40 cm-1, 相应压应力可达到494.77 MPa。剖面北西盘(上盘)在距错动面10 m处, 样品464 cm-1拉曼谱峰的偏移量达到最大值, 相应的应力积累为519.87 MPa, 其后远离错动面应力积累开始减弱, 在北西盘17 m处, 应力积累骤然下降至400.37 MPa。在西北盘距错动面27 m处, 岩脉石英的464 cm-1拉曼谱峰向高波数偏移量下降至3.21 cm-1, 应力已经减弱到359.59 MPa, 这可能是由于该处位于断裂带的边缘, 远离错动面, 受到了较小的断层活动的影响。因此, 汶川地震断裂带内的应力虽然得到部分释放, 但剩余的应力分布并不均匀, 而且在局部还存在较高的应力积累, 这反应了断裂带中岩石的力学性质在空间上具有不均匀性。     

多层膜劳厄透镜对8keV X射线的聚焦性能模拟研究

基于多层膜技术的劳厄(Laue)透镜能实现硬X射线纳米级聚焦,在X射线微纳分析领域具有重要的应用前景.基于衍射动力学理论,分析了X射线在多层膜劳厄透镜中的传播,计算了不同结构的多层膜劳厄透镜对8 keVX射线的聚焦性能.结果表明,最外层厚度为5 nm的倾斜多层膜劳厄透镜可获得5.7 nm的聚焦光斑和26%的平均衍射效率...     

X光Gabor波带片编码成像技术实验研究

基于星光II实验装置进行了Gabor波带片编码成像探索性实验研究。采用束匀滑光斑三倍频激光打靶,辐照专门设计的ＣＨ埋金属条靶（共两种）,产生了有明确形状、边缘清晰的等离子体。研制了专门的Gabor波带片编码相机,并利用该相机采用单张胶片对不同的靶目标在不同的深度层次上曝光的技术,获得了具有深度层次信息的三维激光等离子体编码像。利用数值重建技术对实验所获得的图像解码,最终获得了在不同深度层次上的激光等离子体信息。     

Field Study on Mobility and Persistence of Linuron and Monolinuron in Agricultural Soil

Abstract

A field site equipped with suction cup lysimeters was installed at Treviglio (BG) to assess the migration capacity of the herbicides linuron and monolinuron from topsoil to groundwater and to verify the appearance of their relevant transformation products in soil and water samples. A constant hydraulic head was applied in order to develop water saturation conditions in the upper layers. KCl was used as a tracer to evaluate water infiltration velocity through the vertical soil profile. The constant hydraulic head accelerated infiltration rates, while herbicide concentrations reached maximum contamination because soil adsorption capacity was underdeveloped. The results indicated two main processes of pesticide transport: firstly transport due mainly to water infiltration through macropores; secondly the transport driven by matrix flow. Linuron was found to be the most mobile herbicide, while chloroanilines were found to be the major transformation products of the herbicides considered.     

Concurrent formation of two different type precipitation-free zones during the initial stage of homogenization

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to study the microstructure evolution of Al–Cu–Mg alloy during the initial stage of homogenization. It was found that two types of precipitation-free zones (PFZs) can form concurrently: one near grain boundaries and the other at the grain centres. Depth profile analyses of solute concentrations and dislocation-loop distributions strongly suggested that the formations of the two type of PFZs are different, due solely and exclusively to solute and vacancy depletion, respectively. A mechanism model was proposed to explain the concurrent formation of the two different type of PFZs during the initial stage of homogenization.     

Switching adaptive controllers to control fractional‐order complex systems with unknown structure and input nonlinearities

This article investigates the chaos control problem for the fractional‐order chaotic systems containing unknown structure and input nonlinearities. Two types of nonlinearity in the control input are considered. In the first case, a general continuous nonlinearity input is supposed in the controller, and in the second case, the unknown dead‐zone input is included. In each case, a proper switching adaptive controller is introduced to stabilize the fractional‐order chaotic system in the presence of unknown parameters and uncertainties. The control methods are designed based on the boundedness property of the chaotic system's states, where, in the proposed methods the nonlinear/linear dynamic terms of the fractional‐order chaotic systems are assumed to be fully unknown. The analytical results of the mentioned techniques are proved by the stability analysis theorem of fractional‐order systems and the adaptive control method. In addition, as an application of the proposed methods, single input adaptive controllers are adopted for control of a class of three‐dimensional nonlinear fractional‐order chaotic systems. And finally, some numerical examples illustrate the correctness of the analytical results. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 211–223, 2015     

爆轰波对碰驱动平面锡飞层的动力学及动载行为特征研究

强冲击下的物质变形、破坏及诱发的轻重介质混合问题,是内爆压缩科学和工程应用领域的研究重点.本文针对爆轰波对碰条件下的复杂加载动力学过程及其动载破坏形态特征,开展数值模拟研究与极曲线理论分析.设计了爆轰波对碰驱动平面锡飞层的计算模型,获得了爆轰加载动力学过程及波系相互作用物理图像,分析了锡飞层对碰区自由表面速度历史的典型特征.给出了锡飞层中折射激波对碰发生马赫反射的临界条件,解读了三波结构的传播行为,阐明了对碰区内存在"一维正冲击"区域,一维区外存在单次斜冲击向两次斜冲击过渡的复杂加载动力学过程,提出了对碰区冲击动力学模型,揭示了影响对碰区动载行为特征的机理.数值模拟结果与极曲线理论分析结果相互印证,符合较好.本文的研究成果,将为深入理解和解读对碰区特殊的物质破坏及混合现象提供重要的理论支撑.