Ionic Polymer Microspheres Bearing a CoIII–Salen Moiety as a Bifunctional Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Efficient Cycloaddition of CO2 and Epoxides

We report a unique strategy to obtain the bifunctional heterogeneous catalyst TBB‐Bpy@Salen‐Co (TBB=1,2,4,5‐tetrakis(bromomethyl)benzene, Bpy=4,4’‐bipyridine, Salen‐Co=N,N’‐bis({4‐dimethylamino}salicylidene)ethylenediamino cobalt(III) acetate) by combining a cross‐linked ionic polymer with a Co^III–salen Schiff base. The catalyst showed extra high activity for CO₂ fixation under mild, solvent‐free reaction conditions with no requirement for a co‐catalyst. The synthesized catalyst possessed distinctive spherical structural features, abundant halogen Br^? anions with good leaving group ability, and accessible Lewis acidic Co metal centers. These unique features, together with the synergistic role of the Co and Br^? functional sites, allowed TBB‐Bpy@Salen‐Co to exhibit enhanced catalytic conversion of CO₂ into cyclic carbonates relative to the corresponding monofunctional analogues. This catalyst can be easily recovered and recycled five times without significant leaching of Co or loss of activity. Moreover, based on our experimental results and previous work, a synergistic cycloaddition reaction mechanism was proposed.     

通过接枝苄基磺酸在MCM-41上固载手性Mn(salen)配合物

首先通过两步后合成处理,在MCM-41上接枝苄基磺酸;然后,以苄基磺酸为过渡产物,用手性Mn(salen)配合物修饰处理,得到了苄基磺酸轴向负载手性Mn(salen)配合物的MCM-41;实现了在廉价且温和条件下均相手性Mn(salen)催化剂的非均相化。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、低温N₂吸附-脱附、红外光谱、热重-差示扫描量热(TG-DSC)分析、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP)和酸度滴定等对样品进行了表征。结果表明,手性Mn(salen)配合物成功固载在MCM-41上,且MCM-41的介孔结构和Mn(salen)配合物的手性特征仍然保留。以间氯过氧苯甲酸为氧化剂,考察了所得固载型催化剂对α-甲基苯乙烯的不对称环氧化催化性能,结果表明在0 ℃反应2 h,催化剂用量为0.02 mmol,无需加入轴向配体N-甲基吗啉氮氧化物(NMO)的条件下对映体过量(enantiomeric excess,e.e.)值可达99%以上,转化率为77%。归因于苄基磺酸基起到了很好的轴向配体作用。经适当处理,固载型催化剂在循环使用5次后e.e.值依然有71%,表现出较好的活性和重复使用性能。     

胺基修饰的ZnPS-PVPA固载手性salen Mn(Ⅲ)高效催化非功能化烯烃不对称环氧化反应

手性环氧化物是用途很广的中间体,通过区域和立体选择性开环反应,手性环氧化物能转化为多种对映纯的手性化合物.烯烃不对称环氧化反应是制备光学活性环氧化物的重要途径,在医药、农药和香料等精细化学品合成中具有非常重要的意义.由于salen Mn(Ⅲ)化合物在非官能团化烯烃的不对称环氧化反应中表现出高的催化活性和对映选择性,以及相对于均相手性催化,非均相手性催化具有产品易于分离和催化剂可重复利用等优点,因而成为手性催化领域的研究热点.近年来关于手性salenMn(Ⅲ)化合物的固载化研究受到广泛关注.虽然均相Mn(salen)催化剂在不对称环氧化反应方面已取得很大进展,但是在反应后处理、催化剂分离回收以及产品纯化方面也存在一定缺陷.多相salen Mn(Ⅲ)催化体系与均相催化体系相比,具有催化剂易分离回收、环境友好、产物易纯化、操作成本低和可以使用连续流反应器以及大规模生产等优点.因为在均相催化体系中,Mn(salen)Cl可能形成无活性的μ-oxo-Mn(Ⅳ)二聚体,而将salen Mn(Ⅲ)催化剂固载后则可以抑制这种二聚体的形成,并且将salen Mn(Ⅲ)催化剂多相化之后还可以促使活性位点的分离,进而增加催化剂的稳定性和保持单催化活性中心的高催化活性.本课题组近年来探索了磷酸锆与聚苯乙烯这类典型的有机功能高分子的复合,制备了一系列有机-无机杂化材料如聚(苯乙烯-异丙烯膦酸)-磷酸氢锆(ZPS-IPPA)和聚(苯乙烯-苯乙烯基膦酸)-磷酸氢锆(ZPS-PVPA),以这一系列材料为载体,通过对载体中的苯环进行氯甲基化,再接枝磺烃基、胺基或苯氧基等连接基团制备了多种非均相手性salen Mn(Ⅲ)催化剂.所制备的这些多相催化剂在催化活性、稳定性和循环使用性等方面显示出优良性能.本文在上述研究基础上,在ZnPS-PVPA的苯环上引入氯甲基,然后通过接枝芳香二胺和脂肪二胺最后轴向配位固载手性salen Mn(Ⅲ),实现了手性salen-Mn(Ⅲ)均相催化剂的多相化.并运用FT-IR,UV-Vis,XRD,TG,TEM,SEM和N2吸附-脱附等测试手段对多相催化剂进行了表征.分别以NaClO、m-CPBA和NaIO4为氧化体系考察了固载手性salen-Mn(Ⅲ)催化剂催化苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯及茚的不对称环氧化反应的性能,对不同的氧化体系存有选择性;同时考察了温度、时间及溶剂等因素对催化性能的影响.考察了不同连接基团修饰的ZnPS-PVPA固载的手性salen-Mn(Ⅲ)在催化烯烃环氧化方面是否具有很好的催化性能和对映选择性.考察了助催化剂在不同的氧化体系中是否扮演着不同的角色.催化数据显示,助催化剂NMO和咪唑在催化反应中起着不同的作用.在m-CPBA氧化体系中,添加助催化剂NMO不但不能改善催化性能反而降低催化活性;在NaIO4氧化体系中,添加助催化剂咪唑略微改善了催化性能.选择催化效果最好的催化剂在m-CPBA催化体系中考察其重复使用性能,结果表明,多相催化剂经过9次循环使用,仍然显示出较好的催化性能.选择催化性能最好的多相催化剂进行环氧化反应的放大反应,结果显示,当放大倍数达到100倍时仍显示出与实验计量相当的催化性能,其转化率和ee值最高均可超过99％,具有潜在的工业应用价值.     

Novel Oligopyrrole Carboxamide based Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) Salens,Their Targeting of Human G‐Quadruplex DNA,and Selective Cancer Cell Toxicity

DNA targeting by various metal complexes is a key strategy toward the restriction of cancer cell proliferation. Toward this end, we designed and synthesized novel salen‐based Ni^II and Pd^II metal complexes with positively charged flanking side chains comprising N‐methylpyrrole carboxamides of varying lengths. The compounds showed high specificity toward G‐quadruplex DNA over duplex DNA. Sufficient inhibition of the telomerase activity was observed, which was ascertained by the prominent restriction of cancer cell proliferation in the long‐term cell viability and telomerase inhibition assays. The compounds exhibited selective cancer cell death following an apoptotic pathway. Analysis of the binding mode showed partial stacking of the salen moiety over the G‐tetrads and association of the pendant oligopyrrole carboxamide units with the grooves. The conjugation of the tetrad‐binding metal salen core with groove‐oriented flexible oligopyrrole moieties resulted in the high selectivity and stabilization of the human G‐quadruplex DNA structures.     

Synthesis of Terphenyl Derivatives by Pd‐Catalyzed Suzuki‐Miyaura Reaction of Dibromobenzene Using 2N2O‐Salen as a Ligand in Aqueous Solution

A simple and efficient catalytic system for Na₂PdCl₄ catalyzing the Suzuki‐Miyaura reaction of dibromobenzene and arylboronic acid has been developed by using 2N2O‐salen as a ligand in H₂O/EtOH (V:V=4:1) at 100°C. Using this method, the reactions of substrates containing sterically demanding ortho substituents (e.g. dibromobenzene and/or arylboronic acids) proceeded efficiently, with the corresponding terphenyl derivatives being produced in moderate to excellent yields. Furthermore, this method offers interesting features for the multi‐gram scale synthesis of terphenyl compound.     

Catalase-like catalytic reaction of the dinuclear manganese–salen complex

Catalase-like activity of a dinuclear manganese-salen (Mn–salen) complex, [Mn(salen)(H₂O)]₂(ClO₄)₂ (salen = N,N ′-bis(salicylidene)-1,2-diaminoethane), was investigated. The dinuclear Mn–salen complex exhibits higher catalase-like activity than that of the mononuclear Mn–salen compound, and its activity can be enhanced by an external base. Different reaction intermediates in the presence and absence of an external base were observed, and the catalytically active species was dimeric as evidenced by UV-Vis spectroscopic studies and mass spectrometry data.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Nickel(Ⅱ) and Copper(Ⅱ) Complexes with Schiff Base (1R,2R)-(-)-Diaminocyclohexane-N,N'-bis(3-tert-butyl-5-(4'-benzoic acid)-salicylidene)

Two homochiral metallosalen complexes,Ni(salen) (salen=(1R,2R)-(-)-diaminocyclohexane-N,N'-bis(3-tert-butyl-5-(4'-benzoic acid)-salicylidene) 1 and Cu(salen) 2,have been synthesized and characterized by IR,microanalysis,TGA,powder and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Both 1 and 2 crystallize in orthorhombic space group P2_12_12 with Z=4. For 1,α= 12.082(2),b = 15.447(3),c = 18.784(4)(A),V= 3505.7(12) (A)~3,M_r = 731.50,D_c = 1.386 g/cm~3,μ= 0.606 mm~(-1),F(000)=1544,the final GOOF=1.043,R=0.0496 and wR=0.1248 for 4791 observed reflections with Ⅰ> 2σ(Ⅰ). For 2,α=12.181(2),b=15.501(3),c=18.877(4)(A),V= 3564.3(12)(A)~3,M_r=736.33,Dc = 1.372 g/cm~3,μ=0.665 mm~(-1),F(000)=1548,the final GOOF= 1.062,R=0.0575 and wR=0.1508 for 4562 observed reflections with Ⅰ> 20(Ⅰ). The crystal structures of 1 and 2 are isostructural with very similar supramolecular structures. An infinite two-dimensional network is generated by hydrogen bonding interactions and intermolecular π…π interactions.     

Structure of the Cu(Salen) molecule Cuo<Subscript>2</Subscript>N<Subscript>2</Subscript>C<Subscript>16</Subscript>H<Subscript>14</Subscript> according to gas-phase electron diffraction data and quantum chemical calculations

In the framework of synchronous gas-phase electron diffraction and mass spectrometry experiment, the saturated vapor of N,N′-ethylenebis(salicylaldiminate) copper(II) CuO₂N₂C₁₆H₁₄ is studied at a temperature T 574(5) K. It is found that evaporation is congruent and the saturated vapor consists of monomeric molecules. Electron diffraction data are proved to correspond to the geometric model for the CuO₂N₂C₁₆H₁₄ molecule of C ₂ symmetry with an almost planar structure of the CuN₂O₂ coordination fragment and internuclear distances \(r_{h_1 } \)(Cu-O) = 1.917(13) Å and \(r_{h_1 } \)(Cu-N) = 1.931(15) Å. The stuctural parameters obtained are compared to those quantum chemically calculated and molecular parameters in crystals.