盐酸法制备低氟含量饲料级磷酸氢钙的工艺研究

在不添加任何除氟剂的条件下,用盐酸浸取磷矿,通过调整工艺参数和采用特殊的试验条件,制备了低氟含量饲料级磷酸氢钙;着重探讨了盐酸浓度、反应时间、静置时间、温度、鼓气速率等因素对磷酸氢钙中氟含量的影响.结果表明,在盐酸溶解过程中减少氟的溶出,有利于在反应中同步降低氟含量;得到的磷酸经简单的过滤、中和,可用于制备氟含量低达0.1%(低于国家标准0.18%)的饲料级磷酸氢钙.     

Facile solvothermal synthesis of graphene-MnOOH nanocomposites

In this paper, we report a facile solvothermal route capable of aligning MnOOH nanocrystals on graphene. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations indicate that the exfoliated graphene sheets are decorated randomly by MnOOH nanocrystals, forming well-dispersed graphene-MnOOH nanocomposites. Dissolution-crystallization and oriented attachment are speculated to be the vital mechanisms in the synthetic process. The attachment of additives, such as MnOOH nanoparticles, are found to be beneficial for the exfoliation of GO as well as preventing the restack of graphene sheets. Moreover, cyclic voltammetry (CV) analyses suggest that the electrochemical reversibility is improved by anchoring MnOOH on graphene. Notably, the as-fabricated nanocomposites reveal unusual catalytic performance for the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) due to the concerted effects of graphene and MnOOH. This template-free method is easy to reproduce, and the process proceeds at a low temperature and can be readily extended to prepare other graphene-based nanocomposites.     

Mechanoluminescence and thermoluminescence of Mn doped ZnS nanocrystals

This paper reports the synthesis of ZnS:Mn nanocrystals by the chemical route in which mercaptoethanol was used as the capping agent. The particle size of such nanocrystals was measured using XRD and TEM patterns and was found to be in between 3and 5 nm. It was found that the peak position of TL glow curve and the TL intensity of ZnS:Mn nanoparticles increases as the particle size is decreased. The isothermal decay technique is used to determine the trap-depth. The stability of the charge carriers in the traps increase with the decrease in size of the nanoparticles. The higher stability may be attributed to the higher surface/volume ratio and also to the increase in the trap-depth with decreasing particle size. When a ZnS:Mn nanocrystal is deformed the peak intensity I_m increases linearly with the increasing height of the load. After I_m, initially the ML intensity decreases at a fast rate, and later on it decreases at a slow rate. The ML in ZnS:Mn nanocrystals can be understood on the basis of the piezoelectrically induced electron detrapping model.     

北海航道班轮运输排班模型的构建与求解

首先,以拟开通的大连港至鹿特丹港北海航道班轮航线为研究对象,以油耗和运营成本最小化为优化目标,将官方已有记载的北海航道通过的货船航速数据输入Eureqa软件,得到航行最高速度f(x)与进入北海航道时间t的拟合度最好的函数公式.在此基础上,构建了北海航道班轮运输排班的数学模型;其次,在仿真实例分析中,选用了5000TEU的集装箱船作为计算参数,将捕食搜索算法运用到数学模型求解之中,并且运用MATLAB软件进行求解,在最快航速受限的前提下,得到单艘班轮最佳往返时间和相同型号班轮的最低配置数目以及在服务周期内班轮公司所要付出的最低运营成本;最后,通过比较研究,得出结论是:最快航速的提高,对于降低北海航线班轮运输的运营成本将起较大作用.     

基于不同条件的旅游路线规划问题研究

运用2015年全国研究生数学建模竞赛F题的数据资料,针对旅游路线合理规划问题的第一问展开研究.以F题的问题一为起点进行了分析研究,是因为第一问的完成是解决后续问题的关键.首先通过地图搜集并补全了缺失数据并对数据进行合理的处理,然后采用将旅游年数最少目标转化为该最小生成树的最少圈覆盖方法来进行对问题一的求解,也可以理解为一个广义的多旅行商问题,以旅行商的人数(即年数)最少为目标.采用Dijkstra算法、最少圈覆盖法、智能算法和图论聚类等方法,通过这些方法建立了单目标优化模型,并运用旅行商问题和模型之间的转换来对问题进行分析与求解.     

航空公司航线决策的一种系统方法

本通过对航空公司基于现有运力选择航线这一决策问题的诸多影响因素的综合分析,根据经验和灵敏度分析的结果,提炼出适于决策的关键因素作为这个多目标决策问题的目标属性,给出了确定各属性值和其权的相应技术和方法,并运用适宜本问题的决策分析方法,完成决策过程,这是作提出的一种较为系统的航线决策概念和方法,也是一种可程序化的方法,借助于计算机并建立相应的数据库,能快速,方便地完成这一决策分析,对如何选择最佳的航线网络,也可类此采用本方法。     

矩阵的一种特殊运算及其应用

针对元素为非负实数的矩阵,引入矩阵的一种双目运算——换乘运算,讨论了这种运算的一些主要性质.举例说明这种运算在城市公交路线查询中的应用,和其他查询算法相比,这种方法具有一次运算,永久利用结果的优点.     

透雾连续变焦镜头的小型化设计

根据探测设备电视通道要求实现普通彩色和透雾黑白两种模式观察并小型化的特点,运用最速变焦路线凸轮曲线的设计及凸轮曲线平滑性优化的方法实现了小型化设计;采用可见光加近红外波段并在全波段范围内进行像质评价的方法,即根据外形尺寸计算中所求出的每个透镜组的光焦度和通光口径,参考现有结构,选定每组透镜的结构形式,缩放成要求的焦距以后组合成全系统进行像差校正,这样既可实现普通彩色和透雾黑白两种模式的观察,又保证了系统的齐焦性.系统通过了像质检测、实景成像的验证及环境应力筛选及环境例行试验的考查,并成功地用于探测设备.     

六西格玛管理中的网络计划技术及其应用

利用网络计划技术,对节点(事项)和箭条(作业活动)分别规定了六个时间值,讨论了他们之间的关系;结合实例应用,分析了资源的合理配置,得到了有一定参考意义的结果.     

An improved and practical route for the synthesis of enzalutamide and potential impurities study

An improved and practical synthesis of enzalutamide was accomplished in five steps. Starting from 4-bromo-2-fluoro-benzonic acid, a methyl esterification, Ullmann ligation, methyl esterification, ring closing reaction and final methyl amidation provided the target in 35% total yield with 99.8% purity. Five identified impurities were also synthesized. This efficient and economical procedure avoids the use of highly toxic reagents and multiple recrystallization operations, which is suitable for further industrialization.