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31.
Vasilis P. Barberis John A. Mikroyannidis 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2006,44(11):3556-3566
A poly(p‐phenylenevinylene) derivative (PPV–TPA)] and a series of statistical copolyfluorenes (PF–TPA)] containing oxadiazole and triphenylamine segments along the main chain were synthesized by the Heck reaction and nickel‐mediated coupling, respectively. The PF–TPA copolyfluorenes with relatively low contents of oxadiazole and triphenylamine units were readily soluble in common organic solvents, whereas the other copolyfluorenes displayed lower solubility. PPV–TPA showed excellent solubility in solvents such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), dichloromethane, chloroform, and toluene. Thin films of the polymers absorbed light in the range of 375–396 nm and had optical band gaps of 2.76–2.98 eV. They emitted blue‐green light with a maximum at 414–522 nm. The fluorescence quantum yields in THF solutions were 0.08–0.53. The copolyfluorene PF–TPA thin films with high contents of oxadiazole and triphenylamine moieties emitted pure blue light that remained stable even after annealing at 150 °C for 4 h in air. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 3556–3566, 2006 相似文献
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采用旋转锥镜相机,进行激光散斑剪切照相,研测缓慢变形物体的动态曲率和斜率。拍摄一张散斑图即可获得曲率和斜率动态变化的全过程。 相似文献
34.
炭黑填充聚乙烯材料电阻—温度特性研究 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
研究了炭黑/聚乙烯导电复合材料的PTC特性及在不同条件下的电阻变化。发现PTC特性与体积膨胀及聚乙烯晶相的熔融有许多一致性。认为材料的体积膨胀及聚乙烯晶相熔融时炭黑颗粒均匀化扩散导致了电阻随温度上升。在较高温度下,炭黑颗粒在分子链段热运动的推动下会发生相对聚集使电阻不断减小,这是材料出现NTC现象的原因。材料总的电阻温度特性是体积膨胀、炭黑向聚乙烯熔融区扩散及相互聚集三个因素共同作用的结果。 相似文献
35.
J. Martinez Salazar R. K. Bayer T. A. Ezquerra F. J. Baltá Calleja 《Colloid and polymer science》1989,267(5):409-413
The morphology and structure of high molecular weight linear polyethylene (M
w 450000) filled with carbon black and processed using molds that introduce an elongational flow component during injection molding has been examined using electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction techniques. The study of fracture surfaces reveals the display of shish-kebabs oriented along the injection direction with segregated longitudinal channels of carbon black particles. Molecular and lamellar changes in orientation are, furthermore, studied across the thickness of the moldings. It is shown that addition of carbon black particles to injection-molded polyethylene induces significant changes in lamellar orientation. Thus, while lamellar overgrowth proceeds perpendicular to the fiber axes within carbon free channels, lamellae grow randomly within carbon-enriched regions where flow is less pronounced. 相似文献
36.
本文报导了以玻碳电极为基体的1:12硅钼杂多阴离子薄膜化学修铈电极的制备及其电化学特性。并应用于导数伏安法测定。在4.0×10 ̄(-3)m0l/L(NH_4)_6MO_7O_(24)-6.8×10 ̄(-2)mol/LNa_3Cit-0.48mol/LNHO_3体系中,硅浓度在8.3×10 ̄(-7)~1.7×10 ̄(-3)mol/L范围内与峰电流呈良好线性关系,检测限为8.0×10 ̄(-7)mol/L。对可溶性硅(以SiO_2计)为245.05mg/L的黑液,稀释10倍后,取2.00mL平行测定9次,RSD为0.58%,加标回收率在97.3%~104.4%间。 相似文献
37.
We derive exact properties of the inhomogeneous electron gas in the asymptotic classically forbidden region at a metal–vacuum interface within the framework of local effective potential energy theory. We derive a new expression for the asymptotic structure of the Kohn–Sham density functional theory (KS‐DFT) exchange‐correlation potential energy vxc(r) in terms of the irreducible electron self‐energy. We also derive the exact asymptotic structure of the orbitals, density, the Dirac density matrix, the kinetic energy density, and KS exchange energy density. We further obtain the exact expression for the Fermi hole and demonstrate its structure in this asymptotic limit. The exchange‐correlation potential energy is derived to be vxc(z → ∞) = ?αKS,xc/z, and its exchange and correlation components to be vx(z → ∞) = ?αKS,x/z and vc(z → ∞) = ?αKS,c/z, respectively. The analytical expressions for the coefficients αKS,xc and αKS,x show them to be dependent on the bulk‐metal Wigner–Seitz radius and the barrier height at the surface. The coefficient αKS,c = 1/4 is determined in the plasmon‐pole approximation and is independent of these metal parameters. Thus, the asymptotic structure of vxc(z) in the vacuum region is image‐potential‐like but not the commonly accepted one of ?1/4z. Furthermore, this structure depends on the properties of the metal. Additionally, an analysis of these results via quantal density functional theory (Q‐DFT) shows that both the Pauli Wx(z → ∞) and lowest‐order correlation‐kinetic W(z → ∞) components of the exchange potential energy vx(z → ∞), and the Coulomb Wc(z → ∞) and higher‐order correlation‐kinetic components of the correlation potential energy vc(z → ∞), all contribute terms of O(1/z) to the structure. Hence correlations attributable to the Pauli exclusion principle, Coulomb repulsion, and correlation‐kinetic effects all contribute to the asymptotic structure of the effective potential energy at a metal surface. The relevance of the results derived to the theory of image states and to KS‐DFT is also discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005 相似文献
38.
Makoto Yuasa Aritomo Yamaguchi Kenichi Oyaizu Yosuke Fujito Mizuki Kitao Tsuyoshi Sato 《先进技术聚合物》2005,16(9):702-705
meso‐Substituted cobalt porphyrins adsorbed on carbon black were prepared as catalysts for the electroreduction of O2. The catalyst, which was prepared by using a homogenizer in mixing cobalt tetraethylporphyrin and carbon black, gave rise to electroreduction of O2 at a remarkably positive potential (Ep = 0.45 V versus saturated calomel electrode (SCE)) and showed a high selectively for the four‐electron reduction (n = 3.8). Electrochemical study and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis revealed that the adsorbed face‐to‐face dimeric aggregates of cobalt porphyrin molecules were highly efficient catalysts for electroreduction of O2. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
39.
Chemical Reduction of CO2 to Different Products during Photo Catalytic Reaction on TiO2 under Diverse Conditions: an Overview
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The chemical reduction of CO_2 remains a challenge with respect to the reversal of the oxidative degradation of any organic materials.The conversion of CO_2 into useful substances is essential in developing al- ternative fuels and various raw materials for different in- dustries.This also aids in preventing the continuous rise in tropospheric temperature due to the green house effect of CO_2.In this article an overview of the growth taken place so far in the field of CO_2 chemical reduction is pre- sented.The discussion comprises of photochemical meth- ods for the development of different products,viz.CO, CH_3O_H and CH_4,through chemical reduction of CO_2. This includes the use of photo catalysts,mainly TiO_2, and the role of a hole scavenger(such as 2-propanol)for this purpose. 相似文献
40.
We present an analytical expression of the Wigner distribution function (WDF) for the bound eigenstates of the rotating Morse oscillator (RMO). The effect of rotational excitation on the WDF on the quantum phase space has been demonstrated. This effect has been visualized by a series of contour diagrams for given rovibrational quantum states. Rotations of the molecule have been proved to qualitatively and quantitatively change the Wigner function. As a result, the most probable distance between atoms in a rotating molecule changes, and depends on the parity of the vibrational quantum number. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005 相似文献