Fate of branched-chain fatty acids in anaerobic environment of river sediment

The fate of six different branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) in an anaerobic environment of a river sediment was studied in vitro by culturing enrichment consortia. The anaerobic consortium of BCFA-degrading genus degraded BCFAs with tertiary carbons through β-oxidation, followed by methanogenesis by methane-producing anaerobic bacteria. The consortium could not degrade BCFAs with quaternary carbon. Degree of branching at the alpha or beta position along the carbon chain interfered with the beta-oxidation mechanisms of the branched-chain fatty acid.     

湘江(长沙段)水中铬的形态分布及其迁移

研究了湘江水中铬的存在形态、分离方法和分析流程。用极谱催化法测定了江水中的总铬、总溶解铬、颗粒态铬、有机态铬、溶解无机铬、溶解无机态Cr(Ⅵ)、溶解无机态Cr(Ⅲ)。分析了不同季节里铬的存在形态及其迁移转化。结果表明溶解无机态铬是主要的存在形态,其中溶解无机态Cr(Ⅵ)较易转化成毒性较小的Cr(Ⅲ)。不同季节中铬的各形态的含量不同,其中颗粒态铬和有机态铬在夏季的含量较高,而其余各形态的铬在秋、冬两季的含量高于春、夏两季。江水对铬污染的自净能力较强,铬造成的污染的范围较小。     

固相萃取-气相色谱法对河水与海水中36种农药残留的同时测定

应用固相萃取和气相色谱技术建立了河水和海水中36种常用农药(7种有机氯、11种有机磷、8种拟除虫菊酯、4种酰胺、2种苯胺和4种唑类杂环)的分析方法.采用Oasis HLB柱为水样富集萃取柱,考察了洗脱溶剂、上样体积、pH值和离子强度等因素对萃取效果的影响,采用无水硫酸钠和NH2柱进行除水和净化.目标农药在0.9 ～2 600 μg/L范围内线性良好;以PCB103为内标物,2,4,5,6-四氯间二甲苯、环氟菌胺和氟丙菊酯为替代物,实际河水、海水的加标回收率分别为62% ～124%、64% ～132%,相对标准偏差(n=3)分别为0.2% ～9.6%、0.1% ～12.2%;方法检出限为0.10 ～1.0 ng/L.方法快速、灵敏、准确,已成功应用于福建九龙江入海口表层水样的分析.     

河流沉积物中重金属来源分析方法研究进展

河流沉积物中重金属来源分析方法主要有元素形态分析法、剖面分析法、空间分布法、Pb同位素示踪法、多元统计分析法等.对各种方法的优缺点、适用条件和适用范围进行了对比.介绍了重金属来源分析方法的研究进展.     

河水中兽药多残留分析时亲水亲脂平衡柱的基质效应和保留效果

基质效应是液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)定量分析中的重要干扰因素。以反渗透水为空白对照进行LC-MS/MS检测,在500倍浓缩条件下考察了33种兽药分别经Waters、Supelco和CNW等3种亲水亲脂平衡(hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, HLB)固相萃取柱富集后的基质效应及其保留效果。结果表明,以反渗透水为基质时3种HLB柱均表现出外源性基质效应,对大部分喹诺酮类和四环素类兽药呈现促进效应,有两种HLB柱对雌激素类兽药等呈现抑制效应,对磺胺类兽药的基质效应不显著,有一种HLB柱对氯霉素类兽药呈现抑制效应;以河水为基质时,由于外源性杂质与内源性杂质共同作用,对大部分喹诺酮类和四环素类兽药呈现促进效应,对氯霉素类和雌激素类兽药呈现抑制效应,对磺胺类兽药基质效应不显著。与外标法相比较,基质匹配标准校正法可有效消除基质效应对检测结果的影响。在50 ng/L和200 ng/L两个加标水平下,Waters、Supelco和CNW 3种HLB柱对河水中33种目标兽药的校正后的回收率分别为40.3%~146.0%、37.8%~104.2%和52.9%~150.1%; RSD(n=4)为0.2%~14.6%。相同实验条件下3种HLB柱的外源性基质效应不容忽视。而采用基质匹配标准校正法克服目标物基质效应,保留效果无显著差异,富集效果良好,为河水样品中兽药多残留分析方法中固相萃取柱的选择提供了科学依据。     

耐尔蓝-12-钼锗酸-聚乙烯醇体系测定锗

本文报告了在聚乙烯醇(PVA)存在下,在高氯酸水溶液中以耐尔蓝(NB)-12-钼锗酸体系灵敏光度法测定锗。讨论了定量形成12-钼锗酸(GeMo)及耐尔蓝-12-钼锗酸离子缔合物(NB-GeMo)的适宜条件。NB-GeMo的最大吸收位于605nm,表观摩尔吸光度ε值为9.08×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),服从比耳定律范围为0～4.0μgGe/25ml,至少稳定16h。用平衡移动法和摩尔比法测定了主要组分的摩尔比为NB:GeMo=9:1。红外光谱图表明,高氯酸根参与了缔合物组成。本法已用于实物中锗的测定,结果满意。     

Coordinates with Non-Singular Curvature for a Time Dependent Black Hole Horizon

A naive introduction of a dependency of the mass of a black hole on the Schwarzschild time coordinate results in singular behavior of curvature invariants at the horizon, violating expectations from complementarity. If instead a temporal dependence is introduced in terms of a coordinate akin to the river time representation, the Ricci scalar is nowhere singular away from the origin. It is found that for a shrinking mass scale due to evaporation, the null radial geodesics that generate the horizon are slightly displaced from the coordinate singularity. In addition, a changing horizon scale significantly alters the form of the coordinate singularity in diagonal (orthogonal) metric coordinates representing the space-time. A Penrose diagram describing the growth and evaporation of an example black hole is constructed to examine the evolution of the coordinate singularity.     

FLUCTUATIONS AND FUTURE TREND OF CLIMATE, GLACIERS AND DISCHARGE OF ■R■MQI RIVER IN XINJIANG

Based on the analyses of various data available of the rümqi River, Xinjiang, it is found that the warming trend of the climate in recent years is mainly accompanied by the decrease in precipitation, discharge, and glacial mass balance. Since the Little Ice Age, the temperature has increased by 0.5—1.0℃, while the precipitation, glacial volume and annual discharge have decreased by 50 mm, 41% and 11%, respectively. It is possible that the trend would last for the next 10—15 years.     

典型冰水堆积体浪蚀作用下变形破坏机制研究

大渡河中游沿岸中海拔地区广泛分布的一层冰水堆积体大多具有较为密实的结构和一定程度的胶结, 在风浪作用下的变形破坏机制与其他堆积体存在较大差别。通过对某电站库区高速公路冰水堆积路基岸坡调查和试验分析认为, 该冰水堆积体属级配良好的含细颗粒的粗粒～巨粒混合土, 颗粒之间嵌合紧密, 一般呈中密～密实状, 具有不同程度的泥质、钙质胶结, 其强度明显较其他松散堆积体高。通过采用地质过程定性分析和有限元半定量评价相结合的手段对该冰水堆积体在风浪作用下的变形破坏机制进行了分析和研究, 认为该类冰水堆积体在风浪作用下主要表现为淘蚀- 坍塌型失稳模式。