变色薄膜的紫外线辐照响应研究

制备了含多芳氨基甲烷类化合物的高分子变色薄膜,经紫外线辐照后,这种薄膜随吸收剂量的不同由无色透明逐渐变为绿色,在可见光区主要吸收峰位于626 nm附近,光密度响应与辐照时间近似成线性关系。研究表明：该辐射变色薄膜变色响应随紫外线能量密度增加而增加;分次辐照能略微提高光密度响应;辐射变色薄膜响应受温度和湿度影响较大,在20～50 ℃温度范围、40%～60%相对湿度范围,响应基本稳定;卤代物添加剂可以大大提高辐射变色薄膜的响应灵敏度;受后辐照效应影响,辐照结束最初2 h内响应迅速增加,2 h后响应才基本稳定。     

波段外激光辐照PC型探测器的反常响应机制

提出了PC型半导体探测器对波段外激光辐照的热电子光电导响应机制。响应波段外激光辐照PC型半导体探测器时,探测器有响应且输出电压信号迅速增大,与波段内激光辐照时的响应规律截然不同,这是由光激发能带内热电子而引起的光电导现象。当较强功率的激光辐照时还应考虑热效应。依据该机制进行了模拟计算,计算结果表明当PC型HgCdTe探测器被波段外激光辐照时,热电子的产生使得电导率减小,进而导致探测器的电阻增大。     

温度对PIN二极管限幅器功率响应特性的影响

通过求解PIN二极管基区双极载流子扩散方程得到了限幅器Pspice等效电路模型, 根据PIN二极管物理参数与温度的关系, 数值计算得到了PIN二极管限幅器在多个温度点的功率响应特性, 发现温度的升高会使限幅器内部损耗增加, 加剧限幅器内部热损伤。并利用恒温控制系统进行了实验验证, 实验结果与数值计算结果相符合。实验还发现高温热冲击可能使限幅器限幅能力大幅下降, 可能成为通信系统的重大安全隐患。     

Cerium Oxide Nanorods Synthesized by Dalbergia sissoo Extract for Antioxidant,Cytotoxicity, and Photocatalytic Applications

In this study, cerium oxide nanorods (CeO₂-NRs) were synthesized by using the phytochemicals present in the Dalbergia sissoo extract. The physiochemical characteristics of the as-prepared CeO₂-NRs were investigated by using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The SEM and UV-VIS analyses revealed that the acquired nanomaterials possessed a rod-like morphology while the XRD results further confirmed that the synthesized NRs exhibited a cubic crystal lattice system. The antioxidant capacity of the synthesized CeO₂-NRs was investigated by using several in vitro biochemical assays. It was observed that the synthesized NRs exhibited better antioxidant potential in comparison to the industrial antioxidant of the butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The biochemical assays, including lipid peroxidation (LPO), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and catalase activity (CAT), were also performed in the human lymphocytes incubated with the CeO₂-NRs to investigate the impact of the NRs on these oxidative biomarkers. Enhanced reductive capabilities were observed in all the assays, revealing that the NRs possess excellent antioxidant properties. Moreover, the cytotoxic potential of the CeO₂-NRs was also investigated with the MTT assay. The CeO₂-NRs were found to effectively kill off the cancerous cells (MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line), further indicating that the synthesized NRs exhibit anticancer potential as well. One of the major applications studied for the prepared CeO₂-NRs was performing the statistical optimization of the photocatalytic degradation reaction of the methyl orange (MO) dye. The reaction was optimized by using the technique of response surface methodology (RSM). This advanced approach facilitates the development of the predictive model on the basis of central composite design (CCD) for this degradation reaction. The maximum degradation of 99.31% was achieved at the experimental optimized conditions, which corresponded rather well with the predicted percentage degradation values of 99.58%. These results indicate that the developed predictive model can effectively explain the performed experimental reaction. To conclude, the CeO₂-NRs exhibited excellent results for multiple applications.     

Recovery of Polyphenols Using Pressurized Hot Water Extraction (PHWE) from Black Rosehip Followed by Encapsulation for Increased Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Activity

In this work, pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) of hydrophilic polyphenols from black rosehip fruit was maximized using response surface methodology for simultaneous optimization in terms of extraction yield, total antioxidant capacity, total (poly)phenols, catechin, total monomeric anthocyanins, and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside. Extraction parameters, including temperature (X1: 40–80 °C) and the solvent-to-solid ratio (X2: 10–40 mL/g), were investigated as independent variables. Experimentally obtained values were fitted to a second-order polynomial model, and optimal conditions were determined using multiple regression analysis and analysis of variance. The black rosehip extract (BRE) obtained at optimized PHWE conditions was further encapsulated in biopolymer-coated liposomes and spray dried to enhance its processing and digestive stability. After reconstitution, the fabricated particles had an average size of 247–380 nm and a zeta-potential of 15–45 mV. Moreover, encapsulation provided remarkable protection of the phenolics under in vitro gastrointestinal digestion conditions, resulting in up to a 5.6-fold more phenolics in the bioaccessible fraction, which also had 2.9–8.6-fold higher antioxidant activity compared to the nonencapsulated BRE. In conclusion, PHWE in combination with a biopolymer coating is a potent method for the production of stable and safe edible natural extracts for the delivery of (poly)phenolic compounds in food and dietary supplements.     

Ultrasound-Assisted Water Extraction of Gentiopicroside,Isogentisin, and Polyphenols from Willow Gentian “Dust” Supported by Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin as Cage Molecules

The residue after sieving (“dust”) from the willow gentian underground parts is an unexploited herbal tea by-product, although it contains valuable bioactive compounds. Cyclodextrins as efficient green co-solvents, cage molecules, and multifunctional excipients could improve the extraction and contribute to the added value of the resulting extracts. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for the extraction of gentiopicroside, isogentisin, and total phenolics (TPC) from willow gentian “dust” using ultrasound-assisted water extraction coupled with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD). The influence of extraction temperature (X₁: 20–80 °C), time (X₂: 20–50 min), and HPβCD concentration (X₃: 2–4% w/v) was analyzed employing the response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal extraction conditions for simultaneously maximizing the extraction yield of all monitored responses were X₁: 74.89 °C, X₂: 32.57 min, and X₃: 3.01% w/v. The experimentally obtained response values under these conditions (46.96 mg/g DW for gentiopicroside, 0.51 mg/g DW for isogentisin, and 12.99 mg GAE/g DW for TPC) were in close agreement with those predicted, thus confirming the suitability and good predictive accuracy of the developed RSM models. Overall, the developed extraction system could be an applicable alternative strategy to improve the extraction of bioactive compounds from the underutilized “dust” of willow gentian underground parts.     

乐山泥岩的水土曲线和崩解特征试验研究

红层软岩的崩解性引发显著的软岩风化破裂现象,经常导致坡体不稳定、岩石崩落等不良地质现象。为深入理解泥岩的水土特征曲线（soil and water characteristic curve,SWCC）和浸水崩解特征,以乐山红层泥岩为例,采用滤纸法、浸水法等试验方法系统研究了泥岩的SWCC以及其在水中崩解的特征,构建了适合于该地区的SWCC模型,并讨论了浸水时间对泥岩崩解质量、颗粒级配的影响。结果表明：（1）泥岩的SWCC呈单峰曲线,随着含水率的减少,基质吸力增大。（2）通过与4种典型率定曲线的拟合比较,基质吸力拟合结果表现出良好的相关性（R²≥92%）,其中Fredlund &; Xing模型能够更准确地反映该地区泥岩的SWCC（R²=96%）。（3）浸水试验表明,0~6 h为快速崩解期,6~12 h为慢速崩解期,12 h后为长期崩解期。干湿交替浸水可以加速泥岩在亲水初期的崩解速率,但在最终崩解量方面与持续浸水基本一致。（4）浸水崩解后,颗粒粒径变化主要集中在2～20 mm范围内,级配曲线D₆₀,D₃₀,D₁₀和C_u值随着浸水时间的增大而减少,表明泥岩颗粒粒径随时间逐渐减小。（5）该泥岩耐崩解指数拟合公式为${y}$=1.17e^–0.22x,拟合度良好（R²≥99%）,根据I_d2=0.76判断该地区泥岩崩解性为弱~中等崩解性。该成果可为该地区泥岩的水土特性和崩解特性提供重要的定量数据支持,以及为该地区工程建设提供理论依据。

     

基于电热模型的SNSPD响应过程模拟与时间抖动分析

超导单光子探测器(SNSPD)具有高探测效率,低时间抖动、低暗计数率、高计数率等优点.文章通过对纳米线电热过程的建模,分析了纳米线的电热响应过程,探讨了负载电阻、偏置电流和动态电感对SNSPD响应时间的影响,结合蒙特卡洛方法来模拟研究了纳米线空间不均匀性对于SNSPD时间抖动的影响,结果表明随着纳米线空间不均匀性的增加,纳米线的时间抖动不断增加,并求出了典型的时间抖动约为7.73 ps.     

兰州重离子治癌装置同步加速器切割磁铁研制

切割磁铁作为同步加速器注入引出的关键部件之一,对磁场及切割板结构都有严格的要求。介绍了兰州重离子治癌装置(HIMM)同步加速器切割磁铁的设计情况,基于磁场优化软件OPERA,对切割磁铁磁场均匀度及杂散场的分布进行了详细的分析。根据磁场要求优化结构设计,完成了磁铁的加工。磁场测量结果分析显示,有效场区范围内磁场均匀度优于设计结果。同时通过对磁铁端部屏蔽处理,在环内侧管道处杂散磁场降到2 mT以内,满足物理设计要求。     

布里渊散射谱拟合的混合优化算法

基于布里渊光时域分析仪的全分布式光纤传感系统中,光纤沿途的探测信号含有噪声导致被测量的温度或应变信息难以识别,光谱拟合的精确度对传感信息的识别非常重要。在传感系统低信噪比的情况下,提出了一种提取高精度布里渊散射谱特征的拟合方法,利用小波去噪结合莱文伯-马奈特（LM）算法调节权值后向传输(BP)网络对布里渊散射谱进行特征提取。克服了传统BP神经网络易陷入局部极值的缺点,保证求解的精度。数值仿真表明,该方法适合不同权重比、不同线宽和低信噪比以及大测量范围的情况进行光谱拟合,并且在信噪比为10 dB的情况下得到拟合度均超过0.96。实验结果表明,该方法适用于多种泵浦功率情况下的布里渊散射谱的特征提取,优于传统BP神经网络算法且具有较高的拟合精度。